Carl Woese – Evolution Skeptic

Carl Woese

b. July 15, 1928
d. December 30, 2012

“Thus, we regard as rather regrettable the conventional concatenation of Darwin’s name with evolution, because there are other modalities that must be entertained and which we regard as mandatory during the course of evolutionary time.”

“I have concerns about scientists thinking that they’re God when it comes to biology.”

“A future biology cannot be built within the conceptual superstructures of the past. The old superstructure has to be replaced by a new one before the holistic problems of biology can emerge as biology’s new mainstream.”

“I do not like people saying that atheism is based on science, because it’s not. It’s an alien invasion of science.”

  • Carl Woese

Suzan Mazur: Why do you think NAI chose to give you and your team $ 8M, since you are known as a challenger of Darwinian dogma? Is NASA finally acknowledging the Darwin approach is wrong?

Carl Woese: I would hope so because that’s very clear from our NASA Astrobiology Institute grant application.

Suzan Mazur: You’ve described the “disconnect between Darwinists, who had taken over evolution, and microbiologists, who had no use for Darwinian natural selection.” Do you have anything to say about the recent decision of Huffington Post to block publication of microbiologist James Shapiro’s response to Darwinist Jerry Coyne following Coyne’s attack on Shapiro’s thinking about a reduced role for natural selection in evolution?

Carl Woese: I think that’s immoral. Science must be free to examine what it sees. If you’re going to say everyone must follow the Darwinian line, that’s not free science.

Carl Woese, evolution skeptic.

390 thoughts on “Carl Woese – Evolution Skeptic

  1. Atheism and evolutionism seem to be the antithesis of science. It is good that a good scientist is finally coming out and saying so.

  2. Just come up with a better alternative. One that explains, makes novel predictions, etc.

  3. Pedant:
    Incoherence, thy name is Mung.

    If you have a point, can you make it?

    It’s the usual BS – somebody somewhere said something critical of evolution, therefore ID.

    Have Mung or the IDiots ever tried a different tactic?

  4. Adapa: It’s the usual BS – somebody somewhere said something critical of evolution, therefore ID.

    Have Mung or the IDiots ever tried a different tactic?

    How about when they did all of that science?

    No, I guess that was just their fantasy.

    Glen Davidson

  5. It would probably be unscientific of me to put Glen on my ignore list. Because, you know, he always has something interesting, insightful, and original to say.

    What do you say Glen. Give us a link to your most recent OP here at TSZ.

  6. Saying “we don’t know” is a better alternative to evolutionism. At least it is honest and gives people the impetus to find the real answers.

  7. Richardthughes: That which gives thee angst. It was like reading Gregory.

    Pretend like I’m really, really dumb. Adapa dumb. Pedant dumb. OMagain dumb.

    As in, like seriously effing retarded with no hope of ever being like Glen dumb.

    A better alternative to what, exactly?

    You can’t fault me for not offering a “better alternative” to something that you can’t even actually specify, can you?

  8. I don’t have a problem with the part at the top, directly quoted from Woese.

    I have no comment on the later part (after Susan Mazur gets involved).

  9. Mung:
    A New Biology for a New Century

    I don’t see how Woese’s criticisms about the dominance of molecular biology translate into skepticism about the role of natural selection in explaining adaptation.

    Unless I very much misunderstand what Woese is saying, he’s not an “evolution skeptic”.

  10. Kantian Naturalist: I don’t see how Woese’s criticisms about the dominance of molecular biology translate into skepticism about the role of natural selection in explaining adaptation.

    Unless I very much misunderstand what Woese is saying, he’s not an “evolution skeptic”.

    How does the elimination of the less fit, ie natural selection, explain adaptation? And how does adaptation explain universal common descent?

  11. Kantian Naturalist,

    I don’t see how Woese’s criticisms about the dominance of molecular biology translate into skepticism about the role of natural selection in explaining adaptation.

    Are you equating adaptation to evolution?

  12. Carl Woese was a critic of the Modern Synthesis, but without a replacement for it. He was impressed by horizontal gene transfer, so was dismissive of there being a neat treelike evolutionary tree.

    But did he dismiss common ancestry? Hardly. In fact he was the one who really brought molecular evolution to bacteria. His late-1970s work on ribosomal RNA sequences, with people like Mitch Sogin, revolutionized thinking about bacterial systematics. Up to then, microbiology textbooks classified bacteria by what stained them or didn’t stained them. After then, microbiology departments had to start thinking about the actual evolutionary history of Bacteria (and Archaea).

    I knew him, slightly, I heard him lecture at least once and talked to him a few times. I also know Mitch Sogin well, over many years, and other close collaborators of Carl’s such as Gary Olsen. Perhaps no one else here had that much contact with Carl (anyone else know him?). He was a towering figure whose work was of major importance. “Anti-evolution”? No way.

  13. R.I.P. I never heard of this man. It seems clear that he questions Darwinan lines VERY CLEARLY. He says there is conflict and rejection between researchers on origins claimed to be from old school evolutionism. CLEARLY. Or is this MAZUR invention???
    naw its a real interveiew. he said its IMMORAL to censor criticism of evolutionism, in part or whole,.
    Well obviously thats true.
    Creationists will carry his idea on morality in truth of science though evolutionist “leaders” DO NOT.
    Already the year starts off well in moral and intellectual attrition of bad guy evolutionism.
    Although not well for this man and those who loved or cared about him a lot.
    R.I.P.

  14. Woese was a skeptic of natural selection as the only drving force of evolution, and of the root of the tree of life being a true tree vs being a network with lots of HGT.
    But a skeptic of evolution (that life evolved and shares common descent) he was not.

  15. One of Woese’s ideas, that of vertical inheritance ‘crystallising out’ of a network, and thus giving tangled roots with HGT dominating, lacked a basic evolutionary logic IMO. At a certain remove, intermittent but long-preserved HGT can start to look like that’s all there is.

  16. Mung: A better alternative to what, exactly?

    You evidently think that much of our current thinking about evolution is wrong, but seem unable to articulate what makes you think that.

    Mung: You can’t fault me for not offering a “better alternative” to something that you can’t even actually specify, can you?

    Ah, back to “there’s no theory of evolution” again. As noted, there are several camps currently as we work towards a full understanding of the mechanism driving life. That simply means there is debate as to what a final theory should look like.

    And logically if it can’t actually be specified what was Carl Woese a skeptic about, exactly?

    So the point is that what you see as division is just that, but it’s also part of the process. A process that you don’t take part in by simply pointing out the fact there is a difference of opinion. The “Darwin approach” may well be wrong, but so what? Given you’ve never articulated what is right, you can take no comfort from that.

    Remember that thread I started to ask if you were actually an ID supporter, that you refused to take part in? Well, I ask again, what exactly are your doubts regarding evolution? Are you a microbiologist, who has no use for Darwinian natural selection? Are you an ID supporter who thinks that life is too complex to have evolved, therefore all thoughts about evolution is basically wrong?

    I made a point recently that you refused to go on record as then you may be shown to be wrong. You rejected that, but here we are. You continue to point out what you perceive as cracks without explaining your actual agenda.

    Why don’t we try it another way. Mung, what aspects of ‘evolution’ as currently understood do you agree are likely correct?

  17. Allan Miller:
    One of Woese’s ideas, that of vertical inheritance ‘crystallising out’ of a network, and thus giving tangled roots with HGT dominating, lacked a basic evolutionary logic IMO.

    It’s not just lacking in logic, it’s lacking in evidence. From the standpoint of inheritance, it’s simply a fact that cells divide much more frequently than they exchange genetic material. Inheritance is, for the most part and to an overwhelming degree, vertical rather than horizontal. When a bacterium divides, it passes along it’s entire genome. Even in situations with huge levels of exchange of genes, whether through plasmid vectors or accidental transfer of genes to viral vectors, cells still divide more often and thus, in that single instance pass along more genetic material vertically, than they do horizontally.

    I think Koonin and colleagues also detected this primarily vertical trend even among the most HGT-prone populations: Seeing the Tree of Life behind the phylogenetic forest

    Thus, the key question is [1,20]: in the genome-wide compendium of phylogenetic trees, that we denoted the Forest Of Life (FOL), can we detect any order, any preferred tree topology (branching order) that would reflect a consensus of the topologies of other trees?

    We set out to address the above question as objectively as possible, first of all dispensing with any pre-selected standard of tree-like evolution. The analyzed FOL consisted of 6,901 maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees that were built for clusters of orthologous genes from a representative set of 100 diverse bacterial and archaeal genomes [1]. The complete matrix of topological distances between these trees was analyzed using the Inconsistency Score, a measure that we defined specifically for this purpose that reflects the average topological (in)consistency of a given tree with the rest of the trees in the FOL (for the details of the methods employed in this analysis, see [21]). Although the FOL includes very few trees with exactly identical topologies, we found that the topologies of the trees were far more congruent than expected by chance. The 102 Nearly Universal Trees (NUTs; that is, the trees for genes that are represented in all or nearly all archaea and bacteria), which include primarily genes for key protein components of the translation and transcription systems, showed particularly high topological similarity to the other trees in the FOL. Although the topologies of the NUTs are not identical, apparently reflecting multiple HGT events, these transfers appeared to be distributed randomly. In other words, there seem to be no prominent ‘highways’ of HGT that would preferentially connect particular groups of archaea and bacteria. Thus, although the NUTs cannot represent the FOL completely, they appear to reflect a significant central trend, an attractor in the tree space that could be equated with the STOL.

    Figure 1. The central tree-like trend in the phylogenetic forest of life. The circles show genomes of extant species and the grey tree in the background shows the statistical central trend in the data. For the purpose of illustration, the figure shows an ‘FOL’ made of 16 trees with 20 deviations from the central tree-like pattern.

  18. Rumraket,

    I think he meant pre-LUCA, though, and probably pre-protein coding as well. What isn’t clear is how any ‘gene-for-hire’ could increase, if all it does is help a different covalently linked unit without being tied to its fortunes.

  19. OM wants to know what is the ;problem with evolution. It isn’t evolution per se it is blind watchmaker evolution that has a problem as it makes untestable claims. So hopefully these camps working on a final ToE toss that out and start over from the beginning.

    Anyone claiming that blind and mindless processes – like NS and drift- can produce the diversity of life, including protein machinery- will never formulate a scientific theory with those mechanisms as they are untestable for the task at hand

  20. Joe Felsenstein:

    I knew him, slightly, I heard him lecture at least once and talked to him a few times.

    I didn’t have the pleasure of knowing Dr. Woese, but my biochemistry professor was his graduate student. He spoke reverently of him.

    Woese work on archaea was breathtaking.

  21. Moved some comments to guano. Complaints about moderating decisions should be raised in the “moderation issues” thread.

  22. Frankie:
    Saying “we don’t know” is a better alternative to evolutionism. At least it is honest and gives people the impetus to find the real answers.

    And when are all of the ID scientists going to start finding the real answers? Saying that it was designed is not an answer, it is an unsubstantiated assertion. If you are serious that ID is science, and I am one who thinks that it can be, then you have to start addressing the issue of the nature of this designer and the mechanisms that he/she/they use to turn the design into reality. I know, ‘ID is only about the detection of design. The rest will follow once design has been detected.’ [followed by an eye roll and condescending harrumph]. But, since you can’t detect design without hypothesizing about the designer and its limitations, I guess we will never get there.

  23. Mung: Pretend like I’m really, really dumb….

    As in, like seriously effing retarded with no hope of ever being like Glen….

    Done.

  24. Frankie: But can he test common ancestry scientifically? Hardly

    I don’t know enough about him to know if he tested common ancestry, but scientists are testing it all the time.

  25. Acartia,

    I don’t know enough about him to know if he tested common ancestry, but scientists are testing it all the time.

    What methods are scientists using to test common ancestry? Do you regard looking a comparative genetics a valid test? How would you test that two distinct species share a common ancestor through reproduction?

  26. colewd:
    Acartia,

    What methods are scientists using to test common ancestry?Do you regard looking a comparative genetics a valid test?How would you test that two distinct species share a common ancestor through reproduction?

    No one knows how to test common ancestry. No one is testing it. No one knows what makes an organism what it is. Some people say organisms are a sum of their genomes and interactions with the environment. And if they ever find evidence to support that claim science will listen.

    So what type of “tests” are they conducting pertaining to common ancestry?

  27. colewd,

    Whirrrr … click … system restart in 5 … 4 … 3 …

    What methods are scientists using to test common ancestry? Do you regard looking a comparative genetics a valid test? How would you test that two distinct species share a common ancestor through reproduction?

  28. Allan Miller:
    Rumraket,

    I think he meant pre-LUCA, though, and probably pre-protein coding as well. What isn’t clear is how any ‘gene-for-hire’ could increase, if all it does is help a different covalently linked unit without being tied to its fortunes.

    Yes, Woese’s critcism of a treelike genealogy was focused most strongly on the period from the Origin Of Life to LUCA. Your point about a gene that helps another is a good one. If the gene were not fully linked to the other, but mostly linked, their fates might be correlated strongly enough to allow selection. Basically the mechanism would be similar to kin selection.

  29. Joe Felsenstein,

    Yes, Woese’s critcism of a treelike genealogy was focused most strongly on the period from the Origin Of Life to LUCA.

    LUCA- Last universal common ancestor.

    What evidence supports the existence of a universal common ancestor? Is this just circular reasoning based on Darwin’s inference?

  30. colewd: What evidence supports the existence of a universal common ancestor?

    The universality of the genetic code is strong evidence for a common ancestor. Has nobody pointed this out to you before?

  31. The universality of the genetic code is strong evidence for a common ancestor.

    Not if the intermediates are infeasible, thus it’s stronger evidence for common design, provided there is a Creator. I suppose if one rejects that possibility, one is stuck invoking infeasible transitions (like prokaryote to eukaryote, single celled creatures to animal multicelled creatures, etc.)

    Besides, the genetic code isn’t universal as there are alternate codes, and even then it’s really only the general codon table. Also various species have alternate start codons. It’s only universal when it’s not….

    One can’t shove a eukaryotic gene “as is” into a prokaryote like E. Coli and expect it to make protein.

    If you think I’m overstating the case, one should hear the exchange between Craig Ventner and Richard Dawkins. Ventner (a practical scientist) had his doubts….

  32. Alan Fox,

    The universality of the genetic code is strong evidence for a common ancestor. Has nobody pointed this out to you before?

    This is the evidence? That the code is similar? What is your proposal of what LUCA looks like? Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Does LUCA have multicellular structures?

    Is this really the basis behind the “just so” stories were teaching our children in the name of science?

  33. stcordova: Not if the intermediates are infeasible, thus it’s stronger evidence for common design, provided there is a Creator.

    I’ve often remarked that God could have created the Universe in order that the Universe create life on Earth. So whether there is a universal creator God or not doesn’t come into it. My claim is only that there is strong evidence for common descent from a first universal ancestor. The universal genetic code clearly fits this idea. The variations from the code that exist support this idea as they hint at how it evolved.

    I suppose if one rejects that possibility, one is stuck invoking infeasible transitions (like prokaryote to eukaryote, single celled creatures to animal multicelled creatures, etc.)

    I’d say the evolution of Eukaryotais very well-supported with living cyanobacteria not that different from chloroplasts, lichens, sea slugs with symbionts etc.

    Besides, the genetic code isn’t universal as there are alternate codes, and even then it’s really only the general codon table. Also various species have alternate start codons.It’s only universal when it’s not….

    See above and the variations are found in the places you’d expect if evolution were involved.

    One can’t shove a eukaryotic gene “as is” into a prokaryote like E. Coli and expect it to make protein.

    If you think I’m overstating the case, one should hear the exchange between Craig Ventner and Richard Dawkins.Ventner (a practical scientist) had his doubts….

    I do think you are overstating. Perhaps you’d post a link and an extract that supports your claim.

  34. Alan Fox: The universality of the genetic code is strong evidence for a common ancestor. Has nobody pointed this out to you before?

    No, Alan, it is strong evidence for a common design. Common ancestry doesn’t explain any genetic code

  35. Alan Fox: I’d say the evolution of Eukaryotais very well-supported with living cyanobacteria not that different from chloroplasts, lichens, sea slugs with symbionts etc.

    It takes more than organelles to account for a eukaryote.

    Good grief, the “evidence” that you accept for UCD is much weaker than the evidence that supports ID. Your alleged evidence is absent a mechanism

  36. colewd:
    Alan Fox,

    This is the evidence?That the code is similar?

    This is one example of evidence. I notice you didn’t say if anyone had pointed this out to you before.

    What is your proposal of what LUCA looks like?

    I’d be least surprised to learn it was some very simple chemo-autotroph.

    Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

    Of course not. This question makes me wonder…

    Does LUCA have multicellular structures?

    Of course not. Multicellularity has evolved via intermediates from unicellular organisms. Again the bizarre question…

    Is this really the basis behind the “just so” stories were teaching our children in the name of science?

    I repeat, just one example, – for me a very telling example – of the relatedness of all life on earth.

  37. No Richie, seeing that ID does not make the claim evolutionism does it does not have to deliver the same level of detail.

    Why do you guys argue when you don’t seem to understand your own position nor the position you are arguing against?

  38. Frankie: No, Alan, it is strong evidence for a common design.

    But relatedness is falsified by such things as different code translations, differing chirality and so on. The fit for common descent is narrow. “Common design” (whatever that means – as you’ve never expanded on that mantra) has no entailments. It’s unfalsifiable.

    Common ancestry doesn’t explain any genetic code

    The almost universally common genetic code fits the theory that all life shares a common ancestor.

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