[Alan Fox asked why I’m a YEC (Young Earth Creationist), and I promised him a response here at The Skeptical Zone.]
I was an Old Earth Darwinist raised in a Roman Catholic home and secular public schools, but then became an Old Earth Creationist/IDist, a Young Life/Old Earth Creationist/IDist, then a Young Life/Young Earth Creationist/IDist. After becoming a creationist, I remained a creationist even during bouts of agnosticism in the sense that I found accounts of a gradualistic origin and evolution of life scientifically unjustified.
The fundamental reason I accept YEC is the physical evidence appears to me to be consistent with the recent miraculous emergence of humanity followed by a global flood in a way that is mostly line with the genealogy of Jesus as described in Luke 3 and Matt 1.
Theoretical physicist turned minister, John Polkinhorne said what distinguishes Christianity from any other religion is it’s bold claims about history. Luke 3 is a bold claim about history. Because of the boldness of the Bible’s claims and recent evidence supporting those claims, I came to accept the Divine Inspiration of Luke 3 and Matt 1.
The genealogy of Christ is partly elaborated in the Old Testament (OT), and I became astonished that the OT, unlike other religious texts (like the Book of Mormon), had archaeological confirmation for some of its claims related to Christ’s genealogy, like the existence of King Hezekiah (715 BC) , the exitence of Saul (1050 BC), etc. The genealogy of Christ may have support perhaps as far back as Abraham (2100 BC) who was only 9 generations away from Noah who was 9 generations from Adam.
My belief in the New Testament follows along the lines of former atheist and famed police detective James Warner Wallace’s journey to faith. Wallace was featured on national TV for solving cold case murders, but he also wrote the book Cold Case Christianity which details how he came to accept the New Testament as credible witness testimony though the witness records are ancient and often presumed to be fabrications.
The most important part of YEC for me personally is the creation model which posits miraculous events as the origin of life and of species versus the mainstream model which posits natural origin of life followed by Darwinian Selection.
Darwin led the world into thinking that nature acts like an engineer. He supposed if given time, nature will construct ever more complicated designs. Darwin thought giving nature more time is friend of mindless design like time is a friend to intelligent design by an engineer. This is demonstrably false at least as far a known science and OOL and debatable with respect to the post OOL world. As far as a supposed pre-OOL world, we observe biological materials in an almost-working state decay quickly into far-from-working state. Time is the enemy, not friend of mindless design (which is an oxymoron as far as I’m concerned).
Even if one argues life is not Turing complete, nor a full-blown Quine software system, nor full blown von Neumann Constructor, emergence of elements of these systems in biological chemistry (DNA-RNA-Protein) is far from natural expectation as a matter of principle, so much so infinite many worlds are put forward by researchers like Koonin as a solution to OOL. If one posit infinite Many Worlds as the creator, one could just as well posit the infinite Christian God as the Creator.
What we have seen in the lab is that all the essential parts of living von Neumann Constructors must be in place for the algorithmic style of 3D replication/printing in cells to take place. Hence, a chemical evolutionary scenario is ruled out as a matter of principle. This is not an argument from ignorance, but rather a proof by contradiction. Whether one is an atheist or not, it would seem to me, as a matter of principle, the origin of life was a highly unusual event far from expectation. But at what point is an unusual event indistinguishable from a miracle? Though “miracle” has theological connotations, it seems the first life was a miracle.
If the first life was created, Darwin claimed subsequent life from that first life evolved:
…the first creature, the progenitor of innumerable extinct and living descendants, was created.
Charles Darwin
But what about after OOL? Superficially, similarity of DNA appears compelling evidence of common ancestry, but it could just as well be evidence of common design of separate special creations if there is a Creator. Rather than Darwin’s Tree of Life, the Creator could just as well create an Orchard of Life from which all life radiated from specially and independently created ancestors.
One set of strong evidences of the Creationist Orchard of Life vs. Darwinian Tree of Life was articulated in two papers by an Associate Professor of Biology at a secular university, Change Tan. This professor got her PhD at an Ivy League school, so she is no run-of-the-mill-Kent-Hovind-preacher-type creationist. See:
Information Processing Differences Between Archaea and Eukarya and Information Processing Differences Between Bacteria and Eukarya. Tan’s paper highlights several problematic evolutionary molecular convergences that defy common descent as a matter of principle (not argument from ignorance, proof by contradiction).
In addition to molecular convergence, common descent is also challenged by the problem of orphan genes and orphan features. Orphan and taxonomically restricted features just pop up without any suggestion of a gradual pathway. Hence, it is easy for one to believe if the first life was created, the Creator also created a set of ancestral species which radiated into the sub-species we have today. How to define the actual trees of the orchard could be an active area of research.
Having at least a provisional case for a Creator of life and ancestral species, we can turn to hard-nosed empiricism to establish when species might have appeared on Earth. The physical data suggest the fossil record is far younger than claimed by the mainstream.
An old universe and Earth seem intuitively satisfying in as much as something so grand and changeless as the Earth should rightly be old. One would think if the Earth isn’t Old, God ought to make it that way! But as aesthetically pleasing the thought may be of an old or eternal universe, I decided if the evidence favors a young fossil record, I can accept by faith that maybe the Earth or even the universe could also be young. Part 2 will state some reasons I think the fossil record is young.
We have conclusive evidence there was no global “Noah’s Flood” only 4500 years ago. One of the major indicators is civilizations in China that lived right through this supposed all-life-killing Flood without ever noticing it. 🙂 Another conclusive piece of evidence is the DNA of millions of extant species including humans shows no genetic bottleneck at all in the last 4500 years.
Your Gish Gallop isn’t helping you here Sal. This isn’t Young Cosmos where the average IQ of your posters was below room temperature Celsius.
Sal has convinced me of miracles. Mung has become a charming conversationalist. Perhaps this will carry over to issues where he disagrees with materialists and evolutionists.
stcordova,
Paging Piotr.
But there is the phenomenon of coalescence to deal with in any branching copying process. Looking backwards from the end of such a process, you get to a coalescent point because all other branches that don’t go through it have been rendered extinct, not because it is a ‘true’ origin. You have to control for that – it’s an artefact and you wouldn’t want to be accused of confirmation bias by ignoring that possibility, would you?
stcordova,
And this is the organism – humans – that is currently in the process of genetic meltdown? Bwa and, indeed, ha! 🙂
stcordova,
Absence of selection means Drift alone. Drift eliminates diversity too, just more slowly. Do you know why knowledgeable people aren’t even slightly troubled by the fact that the process of evolution involves a component that eliminates diversity?
stcordova,
Not to me. It suggests that we have only recently started to screw things up on such a massive scale.
Genetic deterioration, not necessarily reproductive deterioration. Here is Michael Lynch, National Academy of Sciences:
Sal: there is a really important point here that you seem unable to see:
the selection coefficient of an allele is a function of the environment, and the environment changes.
It blows yours, and Sanford’s, argument out of the water.
If an allele does not affect reproduction, it is not deleterious. It is neutral.
By definition.
If you want to apply the word deleterious” to “an allele that would affect reproduction if it weren’t for modern medicine”, then you can’t use arguments from population genetics, which does not define the word in that way.
Yes, as a result of modern hygiene and medicine, alleles that would in the past have been lethal, are now survivable, and so our genome is accumulating, overall, mutations that would be deleterious were we to find ourselves in a pre-technological environment, which remains possible, and if it arises, then we may well go extinct.
But that tells us nothing about how old the earth is.
stcordova,
From the Lynch abstract:
“[…]a consideration of the long-term consequences of current human behaviourover the next few centuries in industrialized societies”
You’re extrapolating a prediction applying to one species in a very specific environment to the entirety of global evolutionary history (not very long, in your view)? Do you really think that’s justified?
Anyway, what about my other points?
As an aside, if genetic deterioration had the effect of reducing the human population without increasing death rates, I would not consider that a total disaster.
Allan Miller,
Edit: *smiles and nods*
Anyone providing figures for how many new species evolving each year since say the history of pre-industrial man? The high rate of extinction has been thought to be going even before the human population explosion.
Actually no, it shows the incoherency of using selection as a lens to identify function. In the world of Darwin, tay-sach’s disease, sickle cell anemia, high cholesterol, diabetes, blindness, loss of limbs and who knows what else can qualify as “fit”. It shows the conceptualization of biology in terms of reproduction rates goes against the engineering and medical notions of functionality. That was the point I made in Survival of The Sickest, Why We Need Disease
Allen Orr critiquing Dennett told it like it was:
This auto renormalization of selection coefficients leads to the perverse view that an organism can lose organ after organ and function after function and all the while keep getting “fitter”. What we actually observe in real-time lab and field observations is reductive evolution.
Reductive evolution of complexity, square circle
Sal,
Would you be more likely to pass your genes onto the next generation if
A) You had sickle cell anemia
B) You were dead
Do you have anything to support that other then a link back to UD?
Sal, Your entire schtick reduces to variations on the “some=all, few=none” fallacy (I just made that up). It is not proposed that disablement is never adaptive, and you can’t extrapolate from the fact that adaptation is sometimes disabling to the conclusion that it always is.
If disablement occurs and is adaptive, there are many ways to be disabled, so disabled sequences essentially drift, and they will display a lack of conservation. No-one proposes that lack of conservation is a marker for selection.
OTOH, if there is conservation, this is a strong pointer towards function of some kind. It is not a symmetrical case. Both – loss and gain of function – can be adaptive. Only one results in conservation, and only one is searched for using the ‘lens’ of selection across taxonomic groups.
And will you stop getting other people to do your arguing for you? Has Orr suddenly abandoned evolution or something? Does he now dismiss adaptation? I doubt it.
A simple test. If a person quotes a noted biologist or geologist against biology or geology, that person is almost certainly quote mining. But that would be dishonest, so no one here does that.
Did you ever respond to the request for your source on the number of phyla which have become extinct?
Yes, we understand. Your position is that the human population increased while still experiencing genetic deterioration.
In fact, that’s basically the same position you have to maintain for all the species that were on the ark. They got off the ark and multiplied and diversified greatly, while deteriorating genetically.
So your appeals to genetic deterioration are baseless and you admit it by trying now to separate it from reproductive deterioration [by which I assume you mean leaving fewer offspring and going extinct].
You’ve just abandoned one of the pillars of your “young life” argument. What’s left?
Sal, because “fit” has a very specific meaning in Darwinian evolution. The fact that it isn’t the normal English usage doesn’t make it “incoherent” – it just means you have to know the specific meaning it carries in order to make sense of it.
And you are quite wrong about sickle cell anyway – first of all, it’s a special case, in that it only causes disease when you have two copies of the sickle cell allele – it provides immunity from malaria when you have one. So it’s an example (not rare, but not typical) where an allele approaches an optimum frequency in a population – in an environment in which malaria kills before reproductive age, it will tend to rise to the point at which the number of reproductive lives it saves is not exceeded by the number it damages (i.e. where a lot of people have one copy, but not may people have two – you have the right skill set for working out the probabilities!).
Most new alleles, however, are near- neutral at the time when they appear in the population, and become advantageous or disadvantageous later, at a time when their frequency is already quite high.
So the classic semi-hopeful monster picture is a straw man portrayal of how Darwinian evolution actually works. Better instead to picture a drip-feed of slight variation into the gene-pool of any given population, most of which is near-neutral at the time of appearance, but which allows a rich pool of variation, in which the frequencies of each allele can rapidly (within a generation) track small changes in the environment.
Many people skeptical of Darwinian evolution reject evidence like the Grant’s finch studies by saying: oh, that’s just changes in allele frequency of alleles that is already there Sure it is – but the point is that there is always a rich range of alleles, precisely because of that constant drip-feed of near-neutral variation.
Sanford completely misunderstood this.
But you are also completely misunderstanding Sanford. Sanford wasn’t talking about disease-producing alleles – he was talking about what he refers to as Very Slightly Deleterious Mutations (VSDMs). And three answers to Kondrashov’s question are:
“Young life” seems to have suffered an early death.
YEC Part 2 addresses many of the other questions raised here outside the YEC 1 OP:
Every day the earth gets older, and the young earth hypothesis becomes one day less believable.