What is a decision in phoodoo world?

This is a thread to allow discussions about how those lucky enough to have free will make decisions.

As materialism doesn’t explain squat, this thread is a place for explanations from those that presumably have them.

And if they can’t provide them, well, this will be a short thread.

So do phoodoo, mung, WJM et al care to provide your explanations of how decisions are actually made?

2,199 thoughts on “What is a decision in phoodoo world?

  1. CharlieM:

    Mung:
    What is the mechanism that brings about the instantiation of an idea as a pattern in the physical brain? What does that interface look like?

    Physics, chemistry, and neurobiology. Google them.

    Can you point to the creative principle discovered through neurobiology that was responsible for composing the Brandenburg Concertos?

    What a confused attempt at a loaded question.

    The Brandenburg Concertos are the product of a human brain. All the evidence we have supports the position that human brains are material and their behaviors are material processes. Do you have any evidence to support the claim that anything immaterial exists?

  2. fifthmonarchyman:
    Thinking presupposes the personal and therefore is impossible for material stuff

    More attempted proof by repeated assertion. Where is evidence that anything immaterial exists? You said there is “plenty”, produce it.

  3. Patrick: More attempted proof by repeated assertion.Where is evidence that anything immaterial exists?You said there is “plenty”, produce it.

    I understand, FMM, that, if necessary, you may send the package by UPS and Patrick will pay the cost of delivery.

  4. keiths:
    KN,

    Until someone points to a genuine instance of downward causation, I see no reason to doubt that psychology reduces to fundamental physics.(Not as a practical matter, of course, but in principle.)

    Where do you think human discoveries and inventions originate? I say from the minds of our greatest thinkers. And physics cannot explain how these minds are inspired.

    Albert Linderman puts it this way:

    The Western world in general does not realize that most of the major advances in science have come through imaginative thinking. Many of Einstein’s stupendous accomplishments, which are responsible in large measure for moving physics beyond its classical Newtonian moorings, grew from his original thought experiments. These include both his theory of general relativity and his work with gravity and light. Only later did experimentation confirm his imaginative ideas. Copernicus, Galileo, and Isaac Newton all used imaginative thinking that did not follow the “common sense” of the day. It took years (in the case of Copernicus, 300 years) for their imaginative ideas to be demonstrated via experimentation.

    If we trace the cause of the physical appearance of a machine such as a helicopter or a ship, it begins with an idea in a human mind and it becomes a reality through human will. Brain substance does not have ideas or will, humans do.

    IMO Goethe discovered the urflanze through imaginative cognition. This is an inner vision through which he experiences an objective reality from within whereas outer vision lets us experience an objective reality from the world around us.

    In other words he was using his brain as an organ of perception. And he experienced a realm that is not limited in time and space as is the outer experienced world. He did not invent the urpfanze he discovered it.

  5. OMagain: CharlieM: So you are saying that creativity lies in the brain, but if the brain is damaged more creativity is possible.

    No, that’s not at all what I’m saying. But, what’s the point, I can’t say it any clearer then I did.

    Yes, just like the people quoted in your link, it is clear that you think of the brain as some sort of isolated entity that has the ability to think, make decisions and act.

    From your link:

    Not all of these talents necessarily rise to the level of genius, nor do they eclipse the tragic consequences of brain injury or decline. But they may tell us something about what it means to be creative — and where artistic innovation resides in the brain.

    and

    “Something about left and frontal impairment — and that’s where these FTD patients specifically have their impairment — might enhance or release the right posterior parts of the brain,” Zachary Miller said. “Which is where, in some ways, the visual arts might live.”

    They are not sure where exactly in the brain these talents lie, but for them one thing is certain, they must be in the brain somewhere. This IMO is a narrow, reductive thinking that leads us further away from reality, it doesn’t get us closer to it.

    IMO synesthetes are having experiences from the same realm in which Goethe’s urpflanze resides. They are receiving more information than our normal senses give us. This realm is not separate from the world of our normal senses, it transcends this normally experienced sense world.

    The difference between the synesthetes in the link and Goethe is that he reached his perceptions through strenuous mental effort whereas they reached their’s accidentally through brain injury. But they were both able to perceive more than the normal senses and the thinking that goes with them gives us.

    I would say that it is a mistake to believe that this realm I am talking about is confined within the human skull.

  6. CharlieM: Yes, just like the people quoted in your link, it is clear that you think of the brain as some sort of isolated entity that has the ability to think, make decisions and act.

    Funny that.

    CharlieM: I would say that it is a mistake to believe that this realm I am talking about is confined within the human skull.

    Are there archetypes for everything? Plants that will never exist?

  7. Kantian Naturalist: In short, what these examples point to are two different attitudes in which we can exist in the world: in an attitude of involvement (care, concern, emotional investment) or in an attitude of detachment (distanced, more ‘objective’, clinical).

    I would disagree. It’s not about involvement verses detachment. It’s about personal verses not personal (material)

    Kantian Naturalist: The reason for this is simple: involvement and detachment are both themselves attitudes taken by persons

    Yes this only means that the personal is foundational and material is derivative.

    Kantian Naturalist: which means that both will have correspondences at the level of subpersonal cognitive and affective processes that are ultimately biological and neurobiological.

    This nothing but a restatement your own materielaistic presuppositions IMO. I would say that the biological and neurobiological are ultimately dependant and linked to the personal.

    peace

  8. Patrick: You said there is “plenty”, produce it.

    The comedy never quits with you does it?

    How about we do this, You summarize what’s been presented here so far and explain why it is not evidence then we will talk about what else is needed to satisfy the grand decider .

    peace

  9. CharlieM,

    There is a massive difference between insisting that the brain is not isolated and insisting that the brain is connected to something that is immaterial. Just because it’s not isolated, it doesn’t follow that what it is connected to is not itself part of the natural world. Yet you argue as if it just can’t be the body and the environment that is doing the additional work of constraining how the brain processes information.

    As with FMM and phoodoo, you are extremely confident in your beliefs about what brains can and cannot do, even though you lack the requisite knowledge of contemporary neuroscience to back up those beliefs. Is your confidence really warranted? I don’t see how it could be.

  10. fifthmonarchyman: This nothing but a restatement your own materielaistic presuppositions IMO. I would say that the biological and neurobiological are ultimately dependant and linked to the personal.

    And that’s nothing but a restatement of your own anti-materialistic presuppositions.

  11. walto: I understand, FMM, that, if necessary, you may send the package by UPS and Patrick will pay the cost of delivery.

    This is why I use the US Postal Service. They are more than willing to mail a box of immaterial matter without bothering themselves over the fact that it has no weight.

  12. OMagain: phoodoo, where does +1 live?

    Right next door to +2.

    There is some debate on who lives to the left of +1 though. Some people claim it is zero. Other people say zero doesn’t live anywhere.

  13. Kantian Naturalist: I see that as a distinction between useful ways of talking, not a divide between kinds of stuff.

    Right. In an excellent prior post you pointed out how “stuff” is undifferentiated and therefore there are no “kinds” of stuff. Kinds come from something other than stuff.

  14. Kantian Naturalist: And that’s nothing but a restatement of your own anti-materialistic presuppositions.

    I would agree, how do we bridge the gap between us?
    I don’t think this sort of thing will be empirically decided.

    peace

  15. Kantian Naturalist: you are extremely confident in your beliefs about what brains can and cannot do, even though you lack the requisite knowledge of contemporary neuroscience to back up those beliefs.

    Knowledge of contemporary neuroscience is only requisite if this is a question that can be solved empirically.

    I can’t see how you can possibly make the claim that it is

    peace

  16. fifthmonarchyman: I would agree, how do we bridge the gap between us?
    I don’t think this sort of thing will be empirically decided.

    peace

    I think I’m best off ignoring someone who doesn’t see why his ignorance of how brains work should undermine his confident assessment of what brains can’t do.

  17. OMagain: Are there archetypes for everything? Plants that will never exist?

    Steiner gives an account of how Goethe reached his understanding of the archetypal plant. He writes of Goethe in Goethean Science

    On April 17 (see Italian Journey) in Palermo? he writes down the following words about the archetypal plant: “There must after all be such a one! How would I otherwise know that this or that formation is a plant, if they were not all formed according to the same model.” He had in mind the complex of developmental laws that organizes the plant, that makes it into what it is, and through which, with respect to a particular object of nature, we arrive at the thought, “This is a plant”: all that is the archetypal plant. As such, the archetypal plant is something ideal something that can only be held in thought; but it takes on shape, it takes on a certain form, size, colour, number of organs, etc. This outer shape is nothing fixed, but rather can suffer endless transformations, which are all in accordance with that complex of developmental laws and follow necessarily from it. If one has grasped these developmental laws, this archetypal picture of the plant, then one is holding, in the form of an idea, that upon which nature as it were founds every single plant individual, and from which nature consequentially derives each plant and allows it to come into being. Yes, one can even invent plant shapes, in accordance with this law, which could emerge by necessity from the being of the plant and which could exist if the necessary conditions arose for this.

    If we take the concept “triangle” as the archetypal triangle, we can see how all particular triangles conform to the concept but do not exhaust the concept. We can imagine an infinite number of triangles having one apex anywhere between approaching an angle of zero to approaching 180 degrees. Obviously not all of these particular triangles have existed but any of them could exist and still be an example of a triangle.

    Think of the archetypal triangle as a constantly changing, dynamic form with the relative sizes of the sides and angles moving between the extremes. Nothing is ever static, Things appear static to us, not because of objective reality, because of our limitations.

  18. Kantian Naturalist:
    CharlieM,

    There is a massive difference between insisting that the brain is not isolated and insisting that the brain is connected to something that is immaterial.Just because it’s not isolated, it doesn’t follow that what it is connected to is not itself part of the natural world. Yet you argue as if it just can’t be the body and the environment that is doing the additional work of constraining how the brain processes information.

    The material brain that you are talking about is just one aspect of it. It is that part which is available to human senses and our instruments which are based on these senses. There is more to the brain than this.

    Kantian Naturalist
    As with FMM and phoodoo, you are extremely confident in your beliefs about what brains can and cannot do, even though you lack the requisite knowledge of contemporary neuroscience to back up those beliefs. Is your confidence really warranted?I don’t see how it could be.

    And I would say that you have an unjustified belief in a science which is based in materialism and tries to limit reality to that materialism.

    For me Goethean science provides a complementary understanding of nature which extends our current natural science in a positive way.

    Craig Holdrege writes

    Nothing is easier than to misunderstand what Goethe is talking about with his discovery of the archetypal plant. He did not mean a general scheme; he did not mean something metaphysical; he did not mean some physical genetic potency in germ of the plant. He meant something that becomes visible to the mind’s eye as it actively studies the phenomena of plant life. This is a thinking that is perceiving and a perceiving that is thinking, as Goethe put it, that reveals both specificity and universality. Philosopher Ernst Cassirer suggests that Goethe’s special contribution to science has been misunderstood because he was practicing a way of knowing that is unique:

    “There prevails in his writings a relationship of the “particular” to the “universal” such as can hardly be found elsewhere in the history of philosophy or of natural science. It was his firm conviction that the particular and the universal are not only intimately connected but that they interpenetrate one another. The “factual” and the “theoretical” were not opposite poles to him, but only two expressions and factors of a unified and irreducible relation. This is one of the basic maxims in his view of nature. (Cassirer 1950/1978, p. 145)”

    In other words, Goethe overcame a dualistic view of the world, but he did so without reducing mind to matter or matter to mind. In a rigorous manner he could speak about “the sensible form of a supersensible plant archetype” (1989, p. 162; transl. modified by CH). This kind of experience relies on the intensification and further
    development of the everyday capacity we use in pattern recognition. So it is not as though it is something far off and unattainable. It is special, because what our culture has emphasized and trains is the ability to analyze and focus on details of the sensory world and the extended sensory world mediated by instruments, on the one hand, and on the ability to form generalizations that create a web of meaning for the facts, on the other. This has led to the duality of matter and mind and to all the fruitless attempts to make the world whole again by denying one of the two poles. Because Goethe’s approach stays at all times within experience—but experience that encompasses thought and sense—the division that plagues modernity does not arise.

    Our current natural science is extremely important for understanding the physical world, but it gets misused when it is used as an excuse for limiting reality to the physical world of the human senses.

  19. Kantian Naturalist: I think I’m best off ignoring someone who doesn’t see why his ignorance of how brains work should undermine his confident assessment of what brains can’t do.

    Perhaps instead of ignoring you might explain how a question of ontology can be addressed by empirical evidence.

    We know that what ever brains do it will be in the realm of the materiel and as such it will be irrelevant when it comes to understanding a phenomena that is personal.

    It would be like studying the dynamics of human group interaction to understand the causes of down syndrome

    peace

  20. fifthmonarchyman:

    You said there is “plenty”, produce it.

    The comedy never quits with you does it?

    How about we do this, You summarize what’s been presented here so far and explain why it is not evidence then we will talk about what else is needed to satisfy the grand decider .

    I have seen none, that’s why I keep asking you to describe what you see as “plenty” of evidence for anything immaterial. You’re the one making the claim, support it or retract it.

  21. fifthmonarchyman:

    Kantian Naturalist: And that’s nothing but a restatement of your own anti-materialistic presuppositions.

    I would agree, how do we bridge the gap between us?
    I don’t think this sort of thing will be empirically decided.

    Certainly no progress will be made so long as you refuse to provide evidence to support your claim that anything immaterial exists.

  22. CharlieM:
    The material brain that you are talking about is just one aspect of it. It is that part which is available to human senses and our instruments which are based on these senses. There is more to the brain than this.

    Prove it.

  23. I suggest someone send Patrick a thumbtack he can sit on. Then, when he cries out, you can respond, “We see the blood and the rip in your pants, and we heard you yell. But what is the evidence for the pain? How much does it weigh?”

  24. walto:
    I suggest someone send Patrick a thumbtack he can sit on.Then, when he cries out, you can respond, “We see the blood and the rip in your pants, and we heard you yell. But what is the evidence for the pain? How much does it weigh?”

    I sort of see your point there, though I’m not sure how much it works against Patrick’s style of evidentialism.

    My own approach here would be to pick up where Wittgenstein and Ryle left off, and especially Wittgenstein’s remark that “the human body is the best picture of the human soul”.

    I connect that with the Germanic distinction between the body as Leib and the body as Körper — a distinction that was introduced by Helmuth Plessner and gets taken up by Max Scheler and Maurice Merleau-Ponty.

    The basic idea is that the body as Körper is the body as anatomy and physiology, as the object of scientific knowledge and medical intervention, whereas the body as Leib (“the lived body”) is the body as expressive of intentions, thoughts, moods, feelings, and sensations.

    It’s a significant reworking of the traditional subject/object distinction, because — as Plessner and others argue — it is the body as Leib that is experientially primary. The body as Körper is produced by treating the body in specific ways, turning it into an object of medical intervention and scientific knowledge. On this view, the Cartesian concept of the cogito is constructed as a reaction to the parallel construction of the body as machine.

    A further elaboration of this approach is taken in Finkelstein’s nice book Expression and the Inner, where he argues that linguistic utterances like “I’m in a good mood today” are expressions analogues to smiles. There’s a continuum, he thinks, between saying “ouch, that hurts!” and vocalizations such as grimaces, moans, shrieks, and screams. The difference between nonhuman animals and us just comes down to the fact that we supplement expressions of pain with linguistic utterances.

    I think there’s got to be an important differences between expressions of that kind and claims. Claims are third-personal — to claim that P is to say that P is the case, and that anyone ought to believe that P.

    But when I say, “I’m in pain!” I’m not making a claim; I’m expressing a part of my own phenomenology. Someone else can use my saying “I’m in pain!” as evidence for their claim “he’s in pain”, but when I say “I’m in pain” I’m not making the same kind of speech act as when I say “he’s in pain” only that “he” refers back to me. (This ultimately turns on the distinctive character of indexicals such as “I”.)

  25. CharlieM: “There prevails in his writings a relationship of the “particular” to the “universal” such as can hardly be found elsewhere in the history of philosophy or of natural science. It was his firm conviction that the particular and the universal are not only intimately connected but that they interpenetrate one another. The “factual” and the “theoretical” were not opposite poles to him, but only two expressions and factors of a unified and irreducible relation. This is one of the basic maxims in his view of nature. (Cassirer 1950/1978, p. 145)”

    I fully endorse Cassirer’s remark here, as far as it goes.

    (By the way, Holdrege’s citation is not quite right — the quote is from The Problem of Knowledge: Philosophy, Science, and History Since Hegel, 1919, English translation 1950. I know this because I have a copy of it on my desk right now.)

    But from the fact that particulars and universals always interpenetrate one another, and there’s no clear demarcation between the factual and the theoretical — a claim familiar to those of us who got it from Quine and Sellars — nothing further follows about the ontology of universals.

    Good neo-Kantian that he is, Cassirer tells us only that universals are indispensable to cognition, not what universals are. A nominalist can happily say that Cassirer is perfectly right, but that universals themselves are just intersubjectively recognized norms of a public language.

  26. walto:
    Kantian Naturalist,

    But you don’t understand, KN. Patrick demands the production of hard, empirical evidence. Something he can weigh!

    Since I don’t understand what anyone here means by “material” and “immaterial,” I don’t understand what FMM is insisting can’t be or must be the case or what reasons he has for saying that something can’t be the case or must be the case or whatever.

    The whole debate looks to me like it depends on accepting outdated science as bad metaphysics.

  27. Kantian Naturalist: Since I don’t understand what anyone here means by “material” and “immaterial,” I don’t understand what FMM is insisting can’t be or must be the case or what reasons he has for saying that something can’t be the case or must be the case or whatever.

    I have a functional idea of what I mean by “material” but I have no idea what FFM, phoodoo, and others mean by “immaterial”. Hopefully when he finally produces evidence to support his claim that anything immaterial exists, it will clarify his meaning.

    As it stands, I don’t see any difference between “immaterial” and “non-existent”.

  28. Patrick,

    Could at least tell us what your functional idea of “material” is such that you are entitled to assert that nothing material exists?

  29. Dear KN,

    Please ask Patrick what his ‘functional idea’ of what he means by ‘material’ is.

    Many thanks and Good Yuntiff,

    Walto

  30. Kantian Naturalist:
    Patrick,

    Could at least tell us what your functional idea of “material” is such that you are entitled to assert that nothing material exists?

    I’m not making that assertion. I’m noting that fifthmonarchyman, among others, is claiming that something immaterial exists and I’m asking him to support that claim. This being The Skeptical Zone, I don’t see that as an unreasonable or unexpected request.

  31. Patrick: …claiming that something immaterial exists…

    I’m fine with discussing inconsequential ideas. I’ve tried before to suggest that we can make a definitional distinction between reality and imagination. A claim involving imaginary concepts is an amusing dinner-table discussion topic. When there are entailments, when the claim entails a real, observable effect, what is the point of a discussion? We can count the horse’s teeth. (Or we can google).

  32. Patrick: I’m not making that assertion. I’m noting that fifthmonarchyman, among others, is claiming that something immaterial exists and I’m asking him to support that claim. This being The Skeptical Zone, I don’t see that as an unreasonable or unexpected request.

    Perhaps this is another instance where you don’t know what you are asking. You probably would, as per your character, be unhappy with absolutely any answer you get, while insisting you are merely skeptical.

    This does not preclude that FMM likely does not know what he is saying. Whatever became of his great program that was supposed to measure or detect intelligence or information or design or such?

  33. Erik: Perhaps this is another instance where you don’t know what you are asking. You probably would, as per your character, be unhappy with absolutely any answer you get, while insisting you are merely skeptical.

    This does not preclude that FMM likely does not know what he is saying. Whatever became of his great program that was supposed to measure or detect intelligence or information or design or such?

    At least you’ve found a way to insult both of us, Erik.

  34. Alan Fox:

    …claiming that something immaterial exists…

    I’m fine with discussing inconsequential ideas. I’ve tried before to suggest that we can make a definitional distinction between reality and imagination. A claim involving imaginary concepts is an amusing dinner-table discussion topic. When there are entailments, when the claim entails a real, observable effect, what is the point of a discussion? We can count the horse’s teeth. (Or we can google).

    I get the distinct impression that fifthmonarchyman, phoodoo, and at least one or two others don’t consider “immaterial” and “imaginary” to be synonyms. Perhaps when one of them produces the evidence supporting their claim we’ll get more insight into exactly what they mean by the word.

  35. Patrick: At least you’ve found a way to insult both of us, Erik.

    And you think it’s not intellectually insulting to ask somebody to define immaterial while keeping absolutely away from any commitment to any definition of material yourself? Opposites define each other, you see. They are most easily defined in contradistinction.

  36. As you must know by now, Erik, he’s simply a bully, intoxicated with what constitutes power here. For him, denial of inquiry is an idea. (And it might as well be, since for him, ideas don’t exist anyhow.)

  37. Erik:
    Anyway, ordinary examples of immaterial things are universals and mathematical objects.

    Oh, he says things (presumably types) are instantiated in brains, but they’re not universals, they’re material.

  38. Erik: And you think it’s not intellectually insulting to ask somebody to define immaterial while keeping absolutely away from any commitment to any definition of material yourself? Opposites define each other, you see. They are most easily defined in contradistinction.

    The raison-d’être of this blog is to avoid insulting fellow members. Let’s all set out our stall and see what sells.

  39. FWIW, I note that even Patrick’s goddess, Ayn Rand, apparently wrote this:

    Let those who attempt to invalidate concepts by declaring that they cannot find “manness” in men, try to invalidate algebra by declaring that they cannot find “a-ness” in 5 or in 5,000,000.

    What she meant by “a-ness” I have no idea, but fortunately she’s not MY goddess.

  40. walto: What she meant by “a-ness” I have no idea, but fortunately she’s not MY goddess.

    In terms of algebra, she must have meant “a” as in a+b=c.

  41. Erik: And you think it’s not intellectually insulting to ask somebody to define immaterial while keeping absolutely away from any commitment to any definition of material yourself? Opposites define each other, you see. They are most easily defined in contradistinction.

    On the contrary, it demonstrates respect for someone’s claims to pay enough attention to ask them to support them.

    You seem not to understand that the burden of proof is on the person making the positive claim. fifthmonarchyman and others are claiming that some type of “immaterial” things exist. It is incumbent upon them to provide reason and evidence to support that claim.

  42. Patrick: On the contrary, it demonstrates respect for someone’s claims to pay enough attention to ask them to support them.

    You seem not to understand that the burden of proof is on the person making the positive claim.

    Nope. Your ideas about burden of proof are foolishness in every way, to put it mildly. And your behaviour cannot be put mildly.

    Anyway, if you think you have an idea what respect means, then right there you have an example of immaterial, and all your talk is plain silliness.

  43. Erik: And you think it’s not intellectually insulting to ask somebody to define immaterial while keeping absolutely away from any commitment to any definition of material yourself?

    Another opportunity to inject my proposal for a dichotomy (yes, I know but I think this one works) between the real and the imaginary. Anything we can detect, however indirectly, is real and the else is imaginary. I’m happy to consider “material” as a synonym of “real”.

  44. Patrick: On the contrary, it demonstrates respect for someone’s claims

    Erik: Anyway, if you think you have an idea what respect means, then right there you have an example of immaterial

    How about the “demonstration”? How much does that weigh?

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