What is a decision in phoodoo world?

This is a thread to allow discussions about how those lucky enough to have free will make decisions.

As materialism doesn’t explain squat, this thread is a place for explanations from those that presumably have them.

And if they can’t provide them, well, this will be a short thread.

So do phoodoo, mung, WJM et al care to provide your explanations of how decisions are actually made?

2,199 thoughts on “What is a decision in phoodoo world?

  1. phoodoo: All those things you mentioned are physical things, we can measure or weigh or touch.That is why we call them material.

    Is intelligence material?

    We measure it.

  2. walto: We measure it.

    Yeah, but not very well. IQ tests are far too prone to all sorts of confounding variable and implicit biases.

    But while measurability is nice to have if you can get it, by and large we get by with a much looser and open-ended set of criteria for ascribing psychological predicate to both human and nonhuman animals.

  3. phoodoo: All those things you mentioned are physical things, we can measure or weigh or touch.That is why we call them material.

    Is intelligence material?

    As far as l tell. We measure it. We use it for predicting success in a variety of lines of work. We assess it’s efficiency, accuracy, speed, interdisciplinary capability, capacity, along with numerous other characteristics. And we manipulate it with a variety of nutrients, environments, chemical compounds, etc. There are also numerous neurological studies measuring various brain volumes, weights, number of neurons, brain chemistries, and so forth aligned with intelligence.

    None of those indicate some as-yet-undiscovered “immaterial” component to intelligence.

  4. Robin: phoodoo: All those things you mentioned are physical things, we can measure or weigh or touch.That is why we call them material.

    Is intelligence material?

    It is until phoodoo shows us an example of an intelligent being having no body.

  5. phoodoo: What size is your intelligence?

    What’s the size of the heat in your oven? What’s the size of the decay of plutonium 239?

    Perhaps…just maybe…there are other ways to measure material besides size…

  6. phoodoo,

    Therefore for a materialist to explain the existence of intelligence, you either have to accept that any concept of intelligence is an illusion

    Whatever. There’s a thread for that. This thread is about how decisions are made without any such materialist bias getting in the way.

    I.E how decisions are made in phoodoo world?

  7. I also think that things can be publicly verifiable in complex ways without being measurable per se, and also that nothing everything measurable is “material”. We can talk about the role of class privilege in the American Revolution and verify those claims using documents and censuses without those claims ever meeting the standard of measurements. And we can measure things like rates of inflation even though we can’t neatly map rates of inflation onto measurements of fundamental physics (“material”).

    I suspect that a root problem with immaterialism is the supposition that (to use Piaget) formal operations are just like concrete operations, only with an ontologically weird kind of object, rather than a different way of treating objects.

    But would someone really want to say that any intentional object that isn’t a common or proper sensible must therefore belong to a radically different ontological register?

    Plato was, I think, tempted by that thought, especially driven (as he was) about Heraclitean ideas about the sensible and Parmenidean ideas about the intelligible. But he was smart enough to realize, in later dialogues, how inadequate the “theory of forms” really is.

  8. Intelligence is more properly the quality of thinking that a brain/mind does, not a thing in itself. It can be treated like a thing in itself, and often is, but really, one more correctly speaks of “an intelligent brain” or says that “intelligence evolved,” meaning that more capable brains evolved.

    So it’s a bit silly to ask if intelligence is material or any such thing. Are qualities “material”? Strictly, they are material, assuming they are material qualities, but in communication they’re often treated as if they are not. The real question is if the brain (or “mind” if you’re so inclined) is material, and then ask if it’s intelligent, that is, having the quality to think through things. Again, strictly it would be material so long as the brain is material, but it is a material quality and thus not something you’d weigh or measure with a ruler.

    Glen Davidson

  9. Here is some food for thought. about a man with a very abnormal brain.

    In the past, researchers have suggested that consciousness might be linked to various specific brain regions – such as the claustrum, a thin sheet of neurons running between major brain regions, or the visual cortex.

    But if those hypotheses were correct, then the French man shouldn’t be conscious, with the majority of his brain missing.

    “Any theory of consciousness has to be able to explain why a person like that, who’s missing 90 percent of his neurons, still exhibits normal behaviour,” Axel Cleeremans, a cognitive psychologist from the Université Libre de Bruxelles in Belgium, told Quartz.

    According to Cleeremans, even though his remaining brain was only tiny, the neurons left over were able to still generate a theory about themselves, which means the man remained conscious of his actions.

    So who or what gets this food for thought; what or who is actually conscious? A man, a brain, a few neurons?

  10. CharlieM: So who or what gets this food for thought; what or who is actually conscious? A man, a brain, a few neurons?

    The article you linked to actually has extensive discussions of theories by neuroscientists who have examined this case. That itself is sufficient to show that there’s no reason to conclude from this pathology that consciousness is generated by something that violates the laws of fundamental physics.

  11. CharlieM: So who or what gets this food for thought

    He had an IQ of 75. There is a wide variety of intelligence levels in people with normal brains. I would doubt there is that much range people with his condition.

    However it seems testable to me. Implant a device that over many years which expands to fill the same volume that is missing. During that time have the subjects undergo IQ and other testing to determine if indeed the brain is just a receiver for minds. A small sacrifice indeed for definitively proving the immaterial mind is real for all of human history to come!

    It has been concluded that larger brains predict greater intelligence. If all you need is 10% of a brain and once the (presumed) ‘connection’ is made any further is irrelevant why has evolution not noticed this?

    If there is indeed a difference in 10% and 100% brain size when connecting to the immaterial mind, does that mean that a mutant human with a brain 200% bigger then average would have a better connection to it’s mind? Is there an upper limit?

  12. phoodoo,

    A vain Emperor who cares about nothing except wearing and displaying clothes hires two weavers who promise him the finest, best suit of clothes from a fabric invisible to anyone who is unfit for his position or “hopelessly stupid”. The Emperor’s ministers cannot see the clothes themselves, but pretend that they can for fear of appearing unfit for their positions and the Emperor does the same. Finally the weavers report that the suit is finished, they mime dressing him and the Emperor marches in procession before his subjects. The townsfolk play along with the pretense, not wanting to appear unfit for their positions or stupid. Then a child in the crowd, too young to understand the desirability of keeping up the pretense, blurts out that the Emperor is wearing nothing at all and the cry is taken up by others. The Emperor suspects the assertion is true, but continues the procession.

  13. Patrick: Water simply flows from a position of higher potential energy to one of lower potential energy. There is no explicit consideration of alternatives as is the case with software.

    .

    no, no a thousand times no

    Software does not consider alternatives. Software can’t because Software is not conscious. Minds consider alternatives.

    Software merely exhibits a programed response to various stimuli just like a river does.

    There is no choosing without a mind

    To attribute mental function to things with out minds is nothing less than Animism. It’s pretty much the opposite of atheism

    check it out.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism

    peace

  14. newton: Rivers do choose based external factors which path to take. The Corps of Engineers spends millions to keep the Mississippi from choosing the Atchafalaya basin.

    Well there you go.

    I thought this was supposed to be a skeptical crowd.

    Maybe we need to perform some sort of sacrifice to appease the river and convince it to stay in the path we want.

    the next thing you know you guys will be consulting a witch doctor to communicate with the trees 😉

    peace

  15. Robin: In other words, in Phoodoo world there is no (and can be no) answer to how decisions work. It’s just taken for granted that humans make decisions – no one knows how.

    I just provided an answer. I’m flabbergasted that you don’t recognize it as an answer.

    Are you so bound up in your presuppositions that you are unable to even see an answer when you quote it?

    peace

  16. Robin: What’s the size of the heat in your oven?What’s the size of the decay of plutonium 239?

    Perhaps…just maybe…there are other ways to measure material besides size…

    I could go to all the trouble of explaining to you the measurements of heat and radioactivity (decay is a concept, you understand it is not a thing right?) but then we would miss the essential question- Do you believe intelligence is a material object?

    If you do, I guess get in line with Walto and Richard, they are throwing you a nice party at Chuck E Cheese. There will be some animal balloons to totally freak you out. There will be a class later to explain to you things about dogs and cats and happiness and sharing. There will be a test at the end to see if you can understand the difference between cats and sharing. Its not going to be easy, but your happiness will be huge!

  17. Radioactive decay is neither a “thing” nor a concept; it a phenomenon and specifically a process. We did invent the concept of radioactive decay but we did not invent the phenomenon itself.

  18. fifth:

    OK here it is again

    decisions in a phoodoo world work like this

    A persons weighs his options and chooses which course of action he will take.

    In other words, how do decisions work in phoodoo world? A person decides.

    This is why we laugh at you, fifth.

  19. fifth,

    certainly not matter or rivers would decide which path to take to the sea
    certainly not brains or corpses would decide whether they like the casket they are in
    certainly not “alive brains” or the comatose would decide what color of hospital gown they prefer.

    The only thing left in our general experience AFAIK is minds

    Interesting how you skipped over “living brains, functioning normally.” Bias much?

    Also, your reasoning is idiotic. The fact that matter in certain configurations can make decisions does not imply that matter in any configuration can do so. Obviously.

  20. fmm: A persons weighs his options and chooses which course of action he will take.

    That’s the ticket! Now, in that ‘explanation’ I did not notice any detail of how the brain and the mind work together to achieve that. Could you clarify? What does the brain do? What does the mind do?

  21. OMagain: Could you clarify? What does the brain do? What does the mind do?

    The brain does all the things that can be empirically measured

    Consciousness does everything else that is important. The mind is the irreduciblely complex system as a whole.

    As I pointed out before there are thee types of phenomena.

    1) phenomena that are algorithmic (the material brain does these things)
    2) phenomena that are random (this is the result of noise in the system)
    3) phenomena that are neither algorithmic nor random (this is what consciousness contributes) KN would call these things qualia

    OMagain: I did not notice any detail of how the brain and the mind work together to achieve that.

    exactly how the brain and consciousness are interrelated is one of the most difficult questions that I can think of in science, philosophy or theology .

    There can be no mechanism involved because if there was the entire system would be algorithmic. So it is fruitless to look for the exact process that occurs.

    I think that integrated information theory is a good step forward in this regard but it’s not the end of the story.

    check it out

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_information_theory

    peace

  22. keiths: Interesting how you skipped over “living brains, functioning normally.”

    What exactly is the determining factor as to whether a brain is functioning normally? A sleeping brain is “functioning normally” but it does not choose

    keiths: The fact that matter in certain configurations can make decisions does not imply that matter in any configuration can do so.

    I would agree

    You just need to explain what are the configurations of matter that can make decisions and what separates them from all other matter. Keep in mind the answer can’t be complexity or the earth which is vastly more complex than a single brain (because it contains lots of brains) could choose.

    peace

  23. keiths: In other words, how do decisions work in phoodoo world? A person decides.

    No what I did was explain how a person decides in a phoodoo world.

    He does so by weighing his options and determining a course of action. This is how decisions work in a phodoo world. It’s exactly what can’t happen in a world where materialism is true.

    It’s not an algorithm it’s an explanation

    peace

  24. Kantian Naturalist: Radioactive decay is neither a “thing” nor a concept; it a phenomenon and specifically a process. We did invent the concept of radioactive decay…

    You actually wrote this…

    I just said its a concept, and you say , its not a concept, we did invent the concept. Wow.

    And do you wonder why I say your “concepts” lack coherence?

  25. keiths,

    You laugh because you have ZERO explanation for how a decision works in your world?

    Maybe you just like laughing for no reason?

  26. phoodoo,

    If you can’t tell the difference between a phenomenon and a concept of a phenomenon, that’s not my fault. And if you can’t see the point of saying that we invent concepts of phenomena but we don’t invent the phenomena ourselves, that’s also not my fault.

  27. OMagain,

    Can a person with 150 IQ fix a car twice as fast as a person with a 75 IQ?

    Can the person with a 150 IQ draw something twice as realistic as the person with 75? Do they sing twice as good? Play tennis twice as good? Remember twice as many dates?

  28. fifthmonarchyman: It’s not an algorithm it’s an explanation

    “How do people decide? They decide by deciding” is not an explanation. Nor is “people decide by weighing alternatives and choosing whichever seems best to them in light of other considerations” an explanation.

    The first one is clearly a tautology and the second one is an implicit definition. It relies on being able to define a decision as what happens when one weighs alternatives and choosing whichever seems best to them in light of other considerations.

    If you think that definitions are the same as explanations, you’re a good bit more confused on some very basic issues than I’d realized.

    What we want to know is how the immaterial soul can detect immaterial reasons, and how it can be be affected by those reasons, and how it can affect the material body such that one’s actions are a consequence on reasoning (according to dualist metaphysics).

    That doesn’t require an “algorithm” (a word you don’t use correctly, by the way), but that’s what an explanation would be — if you had one.

  29. Kantian Naturalist:
    phoodoo,

    If you can’t tell the difference between a phenomenon and a concept of a phenomenon, that’s not my fault.

    A concept is the name we give to the characteristics of a particular phenomenon. Neither of which, the concept and the phenomenon it represents are material things! Holy shit.

    What do you do again?

  30. phoodoo: A concept is the name we give to the characteristics of a particular phenomenon. Neither of which, the concept and the phenomenon it represents are material things! Holy shit.

    If you don’t think that radioactive decay is a physical phenomenon, then I have to say that I have no idea at all what you think physics is.

    And if you don’t think that concepts are physical things, you really should read some neuroscience.

  31. Kantian Naturalist,

    Yea, you expect lots of answers, whilst offering nothing of any sense in exchange. Your side has nothing to say about a decision- so what in the world would make you say our explanation is any less adequate?

    You know KN, I wouldn’t normally want to be so dismissive of a man’s opinion, except that you are constantly so smug about how much you think other’s don’t understand things- while you write in lots of words and say so little of truth. So I find it less necessary to hide what I feel about your ideas. Maybe you could do with a bit of humility, all things considered.

  32. fifthmonarchyman: Robin: In other words, in Phoodoo world there is no (and can be no) answer to how decisions work. It’s just taken for granted that humans make decisions – no one knows how.

    FMM: I just provided an answer. I’m flabbergasted that you don’t recognize it as an answer.

    Here’s your “answer” again: A persons weighs his options and chooses which course of action he will take.

    “Weighing options” is not how decisions work; it is simply decision making. It’s no different than saying that putting water in a kettle on a stove is how water boils (hint: that doesn’t indicate anything about how water boils at all).

    So, as I said, according to you in Phoodoo world there is no, and can be no, answer as to how decisions are made. You don’t know – you just said so.

    Are you so bound up in your presuppositions that you are unable to even see an answer when you quote it?

    peace

    Are you so wrapped up in your presuppositions that you are unable to even consider what how means?

    Here’s a really good example of an actual answer to a how question:
    how does an internal combustion engine work

  33. fifthmonarchyman:
    Software does not consider alternatives. Software can’t because Software is not conscious. Minds consider alternatives.

    Your definition of “decide” is “to choose between one possibility or another”. I provided a dictionary definition of “choose”:
    a) pick out or select (someone or something) as being the best or most appropriate of two or more alternatives.
    b) decide on a course of action, typically after rejecting alternatives.

    The word “consider” is not used in these. If you want to use a different definition, please state it explicitly. We want to avoid confusion, after all.

    Software merely exhibits a programed response to various stimuli just like a river does.

    There is no choosing without a mind

    So you keep asserting, but you have yet to define “choosing” in a way that makes that statement accurate and does not beg the question. Have you stopped to consider that perhaps you are wrong?

  34. phoodoo:
    Kantian Naturalist,

    Yea, you expect lots of answers, whilst offering nothing of any sense in exchange.Your side has nothing to say about a decision- so what in the world would make you say our explanation is any less adequate?
    . . . .

    In my experience, Kantian Naturalist is more than forthcoming when asked questions about his views. This thread, though, is about your position, not his. It wouldn’t matter if KN were behaving as you falsely accuse him, the fact remains that neither you nor fifthmonarchyman have answered the question posed here.

  35. Patrick: I try not to commit sloppy mental behaviors like believing.I do, however, hold some positions as provisionally true or useful pending further evidence.

    You are fooling nobody but yourself if you imagine that you do not have beliefs.

    That aside, I’ll be happy to answer your questions if you’ll provide an operational definition of what you mean by “thinking”.If your definition is good enough, you may end up answering the questions yourself.

    Asking for a definition of something is like putting it in a box, it can’t always be done. In order to define thinking one has to put limits on it which does not do it justice. It is like trying to define ones love for another person. Better to describe its attributes. The thinking I am talking about is not letting the mind wander as in day dreaming. It is an activity of an individual which involves a concentration of the mind on an object or topic. Through it we can make connections and understand the reality that is relayed to us as independent, unrelated entities by observation alone.

    The quote below is how Steiner describes thinking and the process of observing it.

    (I realise that not everyone will read this in an attempt to understand what he is saying. Some will believe that it is a foregone conclusion that what he has stated is nonsense and so will read it in that light. If that is the case then there is no point in you reading it, I would suggest you ignore this part of my reply.)

    What in all other spheres of observation can be found only indirectly, namely, the relevant context and the relationship between the individual objects, is, in the case of thinking, known to us in an absolutely direct way. I do not on the face of it know why, for my observation, thunder follows lightning; but I know directly, from the very content of the two concepts, why my thinking connects the concept of thunder with the concept of lightning. It does not matter in the least whether I have the right concepts of lightning and thunder. The connection between those concepts that I do have is clear to me, and this through the very concepts themselves.

    This transparent clearness concerning our thinking process is quite independent of our knowledge of the physiological basis of thinking. Here I am speaking of thinking in so far as we know it from the observation of our own spiritual activity. How one material process in my brain causes or influences another while I am carrying out a thinking operation, is quite irrelevant. What I observe about thinking is not what process in my brain connects the concept lightning with the concept thunder but what causes me to bring the two concepts into a particular relationship. My observation shows me that in linking one thought with another there is nothing to guide me but the content of my thoughts; I am not guided by any material processes in my brain. In a less materialistic age than our own, this remark would of course be entirely superfluous. Today, however, when there are people who believe that once we know what matter is we shall also know how it thinks, we do have to insist that one may talk about thinking without trespassing on the domain of brain physiology.

    Many people today find it difficult to grasp the concept of thinking in its purity. Anyone who challenges the description of thinking which I have given here by quoting Cabanis’ statement that “the brain secretes thoughts as the liver does gall or the spittle-glands spittle …”, simply does not know what I am talking about. He tries to find thinking by a process of mere observation in the same way that we proceed in the case of other objects that make up the world. But he cannot find it in this way because, as I have shown, it eludes just this ordinary observation. Whoever cannot transcend materialism lacks the ability to bring about the exceptional condition I have described, in which he becomes conscious of what in all other spiritual activity remains unconscious. If someone is not willing to take this standpoint, then one can no more discuss thinking with him than one can discuss color with a blind man. But in any case he must not imagine that we regard physiological processes as thinking. He fails to explain thinking because he simply does not see it.

    For everyone, however, who has the ability to observe thinking — and with good will every normal man has this ability — this observation is the most important one he can possibly make. For he observes something of which he himself is the creator; he finds himself confronted, not by an apparently foreign object, but by his own activity. He knows how the thing he is observing comes into being. He sees into its connections and relationships. A firm point has now been reached from which one can, with some hope of success, seek an explanation of all other phenomena of the world.

  36. CharlieM: You are fooling nobody but yourself if you imagine that you do not have beliefs.

    I’m sure I do. However, I try to root them out and convert them either into justified provisional knowledge or former beliefs.

    Asking for a definition of something is like putting it in a box, it can’t always be done. In order to define thinking one has to put limits on it which does not do it justice.

    If you can’t define your terms clearly and unambiguously then you quite literally don’t know what you’re talking about.

    Your original questions were:

    Do you believe that there are decisions made by humans that involve thinking?

    Do you believe that computer software is capable of thinking?

    I can’t answer those without an operational definition of exactly what you mean by “thinking”. Without such an agreement on terms the discussion will founder on misunderstandings, inadvertent equivocations, and implicit assumptions.

    I suspect that you will not accept the conclusion that software systems could, in principle if not current practice, think. I further suspect that your personal definition of “thinking” precludes that explicitly. That makes any discussion useless.

    If my suspicions are incorrect I do apologize.

  37. Kantian Naturalist: Not all “matter” (whatever that is). By which I mean, thinking is not correctly ascribed to all systems that can be described entirely in terms of fundamental physics. I put it that way because fundamental physics does not posit the existence of very small rocks; it posits the existence of fields. What looks to us like very small rocks is just how our senses and imagination lead us astray when it comes to understanding quantum phenomena.

    Yes its interesting that physics has moved on to a point where physicists posit matter as non-physical in the classic sense. I can see how our imagination can lead us astray when it comes to understanding quantum phenomena, but in what way do our senses lead us astray in this understanding?

    If there’s one thing we should have learned from general relativity, it’s that energy and matter are interconvertable — so everything that I said above about “matter” also applies to “energy”.

    So do you agree that it is possible to have thinking beings that consist of pure energy?

    I ascribe thinking to living, ergo minded animals. Although animals are comprised of molecules, looking for the thinking in its constituents is like looking for the enigmatic beauty of the Mona Lisa by examining it one paint-fleck at a time. But I explain thinking in terms of the feedback loops between brains, bodies, and environments.

    So through the power of thinking you have come to the reductionist conclusion that thinking is a composite entity?

    I suspect that there’s a crude sort of “folks physics” that’s part of our innate or nearly innate cognitive endowment, and that many primates have a similar module or model for estimating differences in size, weight, force, etc. Of course these concepts are, in humans, revised as our theories are revised in light of evidence.

    And so we are back to triangles and tetrahedra. You stated that you don’t know if these concepts are the same in your mind and mine. If you think about this matter, and consider what it means that there is only one concept “triangle”, then it is not a subjective image which we each create in our minds, it is one single objective entity apprehended by each of us in the same way as the sun is one objective entity.

  38. Patrick: I suspect that you will not accept the conclusion that software systems could, in principle if not current practice, think. I further suspect that your personal definition of “thinking” precludes that explicitly. That makes any discussion useless.

    If my suspicions are incorrect I do apologize.

    I am open to the possibility of software systems being able to think one day. But if it does happen it will because they were created by thinking beings in the first place.

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