The Science of the Supernatural

If Darwinism fails then supernatural causes are back on the table and should be included in science.

I do not think there can be a science of the supernatural.

I do not think that if Darwinism fails that supernatural causes will become acceptable.

If the hope of ID is that supernatural causes will be allowed back into science if they can only just get rid of Darwinism, ID is doomed.

The tools and methods of ID cannot differentiate a supernatural cause from a natural cause anyways.

Thoughts?

1,433 thoughts on “The Science of the Supernatural

  1. Neil Rickert: You are relying on human social conventions, yet asserting that it is logic.

    No it’s logic. The law of non-contradiction requires that the individual Kirk can’t be two individuals. Because one can’t be two.

    newton: I expect before he was born Kirk was neither a he ,she or it. So time is relevant.

    I would say that Kirk was always a he in the Mind of God at least.

    newton: Have you watched the show?

    I don’t remember it clearly.

    That is why I introduced the thought experiment from Reid so there are no cinematic complications

    peace

  2. Neil Rickert: The whole point of these kinds of problems, is that they challenge our conventions.

    I would say that the convention that is challenged is the one that holds that Kirk is reducible to physics.

    It seems silly to abandon logic in order to hold on to this presupposition

    peace

  3. fifthmonarchyman: I’m trying to understand what you mean by “feeling”. It seems to be a slippery word for you.

    I am talking about a subset of things that the resident philosophers appear to refer to as “qualia”: Bodily sensations and emotional states. Emotional states can be “shared”. Both require consciousness.
    Clear?

    fifthmonarchyman: No affection is a compelling tendency. Something that affects.

    Your dogs have a compelling tendency for you? That’s so sweet, Fifth.

    fifthmonarchyman: Again, I think you are assuming that animals are persons like you. When the fact is they could be entirely instinctual beings where X yields Y and nothing personal is involved at all.

    That would not make them unworthy of our love and protection it would only make them different from us.

    I disagree. If animals are, as you say, “instinctual beings where X yields Y” then they are as worthy of love and protection as a robot or a machine. I don’t think they are entitled to the same rights as humans, but I do believe they deserve a little better than being treated as inanimate objects.

  4. fifthmonarchyman: I would say that the convention that is challenged is the one that holds that Kirk is reducible to physics.

    One of the conventions that is being challenged is that being Kirk is restricted to a single individual. Two times one equals two. That’s logic as well, right?

    ETA: It is interesting that you think you know what the outcome of the experiment would be, were it possible to perform it. Question: when the teletransporter disassembles Kirk, does he die?

  5. fifthmonarchyman: No it’s logic. The law of non-contradiction requires that the individual Kirk can’t be two individuals. Because one can’t be two.

    The law of non-contradiction does not mention “Kirk”.

    It is human convention that maps what we call “individuals” into logical objects in our logical models of reality. And these mappings are imperfect.

  6. fifthmonarchyman: In my own place of employment I’m often asked to determine what caused a particular result was it human involvement or did it come from some environmental factor or equipment or something in the material inputs.

    It’s very useful to know if the result was an affect of personal choice.

    Right. You can make a stab at answering this question because it is a given that humans exist, and also a given that environmental factors/equipment/material inputs exist. Knowing that these are possible explanations you can then evaluate and weigh up the evidence pro and con each of them, and arrive at a reasoned conclusion as to which one of them most likely caused the result.

    This is a Bayesian approach, you work out the likelihood of a result given the priors (or rather, your estimate of the priors). When it comes to unidentified designers this approach fails until you have established with reasonable confidence that such an entity actually exists. This should be obvious, because unless the entity exists you cannot validly invoke it as the explanation.

    Simply pronouncing the likelihood of an unidentified designer as ‘1’ and therefore making them a prior with equal likelihood as environmental factors/equipment/material inputs whose existence is known, is invalid.

    Saying that there is a finite likelihood of an unidentified designer because of the nature of the result, and then use that likelihood of an unidentified designer to draw the conclusion that the result is designed, is quite obviously hopelessly circular.

  7. BruceS: Block is much better for the biological approach to phenomenal-consciousness. The interview here is a good introduction.

    Ned Block on phenomenal consciousness, part I

    FWIW, roughly speaking Block is a reductive physicalist who takes an identity approach to phenomenality and brain states (he rejects functionalism, even the Dennett and Prinz style neuro-functionalism).

    Yes, he’s very good. I can’t help thinking that he’s wrong about everything, though.

  8. fifthmonarchyman: walto: You mean the fact that you think you could do it is a test result?

    FMM: No I mean that distinguishing between an actual phenomena and best model possible is a test result.

    Now I realize that the best model possible does not equal an exact physical replica and a particular phenomena does not equal a whole person.

    But it’s interesting none the less

    The point is that this is an actual experiment and the subject is the supernatural as I’ve defined it here.

    As I said in the OP I don’t care if you call it science or not I just want it to be useful.

    Alan Fox: walto: You mean the fact that you think you could do it is a test result?

    Alan: It’s all he has done so far. We await developments.

    I have to say that I haven’t the slightest idea what he’s getting at myself. This may well be my own fault: I haven’t been paying the closest attention. But in either case, it’s pretty clear that he’s having fun, and I don’t see why that should be downplayed. I didn’t really get it when my younger daughter was wildly interested in Pikachu either (though I did love the name of one of the characters (“Dark Rye”).

  9. walto: Yes, he’s very good. I can’t help thinking that he’s wrong about everything, though.

    Block is definitely someone I enjoy reading. I liked most of his arguments against functionalism, in its most general form,as viable for explaining for phenomenal experience

    But I do think neurofunctionalism is promising; Blocks 2007 on Functional Reduction makes metaphysical arguments against it, but they don’t appeal to me (even though they may be philosophically well-argued ).

    I also enjoyed his 2007 Mesh paper and its commentary His 2007 on Witt was beyond me. I also agree with his 1999 paper with Stalnaker on scientific identifications, where they argue against a Chalmers/Jackson paper which differs is to my liking, although I have only read summaries of it.

  10. Corneel: I am talking about a subset of things that the resident philosophers appear to refer to as “qualia”: Bodily sensations and emotional states. Emotional states can be “shared”. Both require consciousness.
    Clear?

    Pretty clear. So according to that understanding I would say my dog does not have “feelings”. At least he does not have feelings that are like mine enough to say that he is a person like me with “qualia” .

    Corneel: Your dogs have a compelling tendency for you? That’s so sweet, Fifth.

    This is that hostility that I often sense when I try to say that there is a difference between humans and animals.

    I have a great dog. I like him a lot I like to think he likes me too. I spoil him. He eats better than me a lot of the time. Sometimes I think my purpose in life is to cater to his every craving and creature comfort.

    but he is not a person.

    Corneel: If animals are, as you say, “instinctual beings where X yields Y” then they are as worthy of love and protection as a robot or a machine.

    The irony here is that that is exactly what Dennett and Alan think we humans are. They do not think that there is any more to us than physics. According to them we do just what our physical instincts tell us to do with nothing above the physical making choices.

    I agree with them completely when it comes to animals just not persons. I’m sure Alan does not think of himself as a machine or a robot. By the exact same token I don’t think of animals that way either.

    I Just think we humans are unique in the animal kingdom we are not reducible to physics we are supernatural.

    Corneel: I don’t think they are entitled to the same rights as humans, but I do believe they deserve a little better than being treated as inanimate objects.

    I agree, I never suggested otherwise they are animals and as such have more in common with us than anything else in the universe. They should be treated with compassion and kindness. They are just not persons

    peace

  11. Corneel: One of the conventions that is being challenged is that being Kirk is restricted to a single individual.

    Are you really going to go down the same road as Zachriel the poster here who refers to himself in the plural?

    It’s pretty simple really

    If Kirk is a person he is an individual. That is because two individual persons can’t share the same consciousness.

    Corneel: Question: when the teletransporter disassembles Kirk, does he die?

    I don’t think that you could disassemble a person’s body with out killing him.

    peace

  12. Neil Rickert: The law of non-contradiction does not mention “Kirk”.

    The law of non-contridiction holds universally if Kirk exists it holds for him too.

    Neil Rickert: It is human convention that maps what we call “individuals” into logical objects in our logical models of reality.

    I have no idea what this is supposed to mean.

    Individuals are singular regardless of human convention.

    They are individuals because one is not two (at the same time and in the same respect)………ever

    peace

  13. walto: But in either case, it’s pretty clear that he’s having fun, and I don’t see why that should be downplayed.

    Right you only live once. Relax and enjoy the ride.

    peace

  14. faded_Glory: You can make a stab at answering this question because it is a given that humans exist

    It is a given that humans do exist (I like the term person better) but it is not a given that they are not reducible to physics. If it was a given then this conversation would not be happening.

    walto: Knowing that these are possible explanations you can then evaluate and weigh up the evidence pro and con each of them, and arrive at a reasoned conclusion as to which one of them most likely caused the result.

    You could, but you would be left with mere probability and probability arguments suck.

    faded_Glory: Saying that there is a finite likelihood of an unidentified designer because of the nature of the result, and then use that likelihood of an unidentified designer to draw the conclusion that the result is designed, is quite obviously hopelessly circular.

    On the other hand merely to say that an object is designed because of the nature of the result is not circular because as you pointed out it’s a given that designers exist and we are not ascribing the design to anyone in particular unidentified or otherwise.

    peace

  15. fifthmonarchyman: The law of non-contridiction holds universally if Kirk exists it holds for him too.

    It’s a law of logic. It isn’t a law of physics or a law of nature.

    Individuals are singular regardless of human convention.

    Then there are no individuals.

    Human language depends on human conventions.

  16. Neil Rickert: Then there are no individuals.

    See the absurd implications of your worldview.

    Nothing was distinguishable at all for billions of years until humans arrived to do the distinguishing.

    Come to think of it the billions of years did not exist either because you can’t count to a billion with out starting with one.

    There is an alternative viewpoint if you are interested. 😉

    Neil Rickert: Human language depends on human conventions.

    That is your opinion anyway.
    I like fishing.

    Those two statements are of about equal worth.

    peace

  17. Neil Rickert: It’s a law of logic. It isn’t a law of physics or a law of nature.

    And as such it works for physical things and things that are not physical. Anything that exists really, that necessarily includes Kirk.

    peace

  18. It’s not possible that there are two Kirk’s but it is possible that there is one Kirk who now has two bodies.

    That would work the same way as one person having two different hearts before and after a transplant. or the cells in persons body being replaced over time so that the physical matter in an old man’s body is different than the physical matter in his body when he was a child.

    All of this should serve to drive the point home that there is more to persons than the physical.

    Now that strange state of two-body-Kirk only works if the two separate bodies share the same experiences in some way. That seems to be difficult given our present understanding of the world.

    peace

  19. fifthmonarchyman: Nothing was distinguishable at all for billions of years until humans arrived to do the distinguishing.

    I don’t agree with that. However, “individual” is meaningless without human conventions to give meaning to the word. And you have denied the role of human conventions. It is as a corollary to that denial, that I say there are no individuals.

  20. fifthmonarchyman: And as such it works for physical things and things that are not physical.

    As a law of logic, it works for logical entities. Physical things are not logical entities. We often treat them as if they are logical entities, but that is a matter of human convention.

  21. fifthmonarchyman: walto: Knowing that these are possible explanations you can then evaluate and weigh up the evidence pro and con each of them, and arrive at a reasoned conclusion as to which one of them most likely caused the result.

    I don’t recall writing the sentence attributed to me here.

  22. fifthmonarchyman: So according to that understanding I would say my dog does not have “feelings”. At least he does not have feelings that are like mine enough to say that he is a person like me with “qualia” .

    Doesn’t he have feelings, or doesn’t he have feelings that are like yours? There’s an important difference.*

    fifthmonarchyman: This is that hostility that I often sense when I try to say that there is a difference between humans and animals.

    I have a great dog. I like him a lot I like to think he likes me too. I spoil him. He eats better than me a lot of the time. Sometimes I think my purpose in life is to cater to his every craving and creature comfort.

    Sorry if you thought that comment sounded hostile. I wasn’t trying to be mean-spirited. Merely trying to drive the point home that the paragraph above does not harmonize with the detached description of your dog’s affection as “a compelling tendency”.

    fifthmonarchyman: I agree, I never suggested otherwise they are animals and as such have more in common with us than anything else in the universe. They should be treated with compassion and kindness. They are just not persons

    That’s good. It’s just that it is the being conscious part that justifies the compassion and kindness towards animals.

    ETA: * and why do we refer to your dog as a “he”, when he is not a person?

  23. fifthmonarchyman: I don’t think that you could disassemble a person’s body with out killing him.

    Quite right. So according to you, when the teletransporter reassembles the exact molecular configuration that was Kirk’s body, all we get is an inanimate corpse, right?

  24. fifthmonarchyman: The irony here is that that is exactly what Dennett and Alan think we humans are. They do not think that there is any more to us than physics.

    Can’t speak for Dennett, but the most important and interesting question is: How do our brains work? Whilst we can slice the problem in all sorts of ways, from the bottom up and biochemistry, top down and psychology, evo-devo and comparative physiology and ways I’ve not thought of and others are working on, we’re a long way off exhausting all the possibilities of scientific research.

    According to them we do just what our physical instincts tell us to do with nothing above the physical making choices.

    This is an inaccurate summary of my position. E. coli can make simple choices. Do they have an immaterial element involved in the process? I say we don’t need to consider that until we understand the physical processes well enough to show they are inadequate.

    I agree with them completely when it comes to animals just not persons.

    More black-and-white thinking. Awareness is a continuum.

    I’m sure Alan does not think of himself as a machine or a robot.

    That’s one assumption that’s fairly accurate. I was faced with reality many years ago when, having cracked a bone as a kid, the doctor showed me the X-ray of my leg. I was somewhat shocked to see that I had bones in my leg just like the skeleton in biology lab.

    By the exact same token I don’t think of animals that way either.

    I have to say, your comments are full of non sequiturs. I’ve no problem that you disagree about whether we need supernatural stuff to address the “how do our brains work” question but It is somewhat irritating when you claim you can demonstrate “the supernatural” scientifically while continuing to fail to do so.

  25. fifthmonarchyman:

    On the other hand merely to say that an object is designed because of the nature of the result is not circular because as you pointed out it’s a given that designers exist and we are not ascribing the design to anyone in particular unidentified or otherwise.

    You do have a point here somewhere, but we need to unpack it a bit to see what it is, and how it might relate to supernatural science.

    Let’s go to that familiar ID thought experiment, the unidentified object we find on Mars. It is a complex non-human looking machine that we don’t understand, so we conclude it has been designed.

    Well, yes, but why do we conclude that? The first thing we will check is if this is indeed an artefact or an organism (living or dead). Why is this important? Simply because artefacts are manufactured, constructed, whereas organisms are born, or hatch, or grow from seeds or use any of the many forms of propagation. If the object has been screwed, welded or glued together it clearly needs someone or something to do that, someone with a plan, a design. Organisms don’t need that, they grow of their own accord (albeit often with some outside help). After all, parents don’t construct their children in a workshop, they seed them.

    If we conclude that the object is an organism we don’t need to posit a designer, just like we don’t need to posit a designer every time a chicken egg hatches. If it is manufactured we will posit a designer because that is the only way it could have originated.

    We don’t know the designer, but we can have some theories abut them: it could be the Chinese, who built it and managed to put it on Mars without anyone noticing; or it could be Ernst Blofeld’s organisation SPECTRE who put there and it is a device to blow up the Earth; or it might indeed be an artefact built by aliens. We could try and find out by talking to the Chinese, or by sending in James Bond, or by carefully studying the object to see if it might give us some clues as to the conditions it was built under.

    What we wouldn’t do is conclude that, because we don’t understand how it works and we don’t know the identity of the designer, is conclude that it must be a supernatural object.

  26. Corneel: the exact molecular configuration that was Kirk’s body, all we get is an inanimate corpse, right?

    Or perhaps you get an entirely new person who just happens to look and act like Kirk did.

    peace

  27. Neil Rickert: However, “individual” is meaningless without human conventions to give meaning to the word.

    Again that is your opinion. I think It’s God who gives meaning.

    That presupposition does not have the sorts of absurd implications we were just discussing.

    Neil Rickert: you have denied the role of human conventions. It is as a corollary to that denial, that I say there are no individuals.

    Your position simply assumes with out warrant that there are no other possible persons to give meaning to language. That assumption leads to the implication that there was no meaning before the arrival of humans and also that humans can manufacture meaning out of whole cloth.

    I just don’t find that position to be tenable

    peace

  28. Alan Fox: Can’t speak for Dennett,

    Dennett definitely believes biological evolution is not physics. He wrote books about evolution on how important it was to science. One can argue that he takes it too far in his ideas of memes and cultural evolution; such arguments are more in Gregory’s territory.

    Or see YT video links below (in particular the emergence one).

    I read FMM’s comments on Dennett’s ideas on qualia and evolution as attacking a strawman Dennett bogeyman for rhetorical purposes

    See emergence video on playlist at right

  29. Neil Rickert: Physical things are not logical entities. We often treat them as if they are logical entities, but that is a matter of human convention.

    You say human convention I say revelation.

    The one position can never rise above subjective personal opinion the other can reach objective certainty.

    peace

  30. Corneel: Doesn’t he have feelings, or doesn’t he have feelings that are like yours? There’s an important difference.*

    Doesn’t have feelings like mine. I’m a person he is an animal. For some reason when I say feelings you think qualia. That is not what I mean when I am talking about animals

    Corneel: It’s just that it is the being conscious part that justifies the compassion and kindness towards animals.

    Why?? Aren’t you justified in being kind and compassionate to someone who is asleep or in a persistent vegetative state??

    For folks like Dennett and Alan no one is conscious the way I understand it surely you don’t think that they are unjustified in treating folks with kindness and compassion.

    peace

  31. Corneel: and why do we refer to your dog as a “he”, when he is not a person?

    It’s also proper to refer to things like cars and boats with personal pronouns I would not read a lot into it.

    peace

  32. Alan Fox: It is somewhat irritating when you claim you can demonstrate “the supernatural” scientifically while continuing to fail to do so.

    I never once said that I could demonstrate “the supernatural” scientifically. Science is not the only way to demonstrate stuff as witnessed by the thought experiment.

    peace

  33. Alan Fox: E. coli can make simple choices. Do they have an immaterial element involved in the process? I say we don’t need to consider that until we understand the physical processes well enough to show they are inadequate.

    See Corneel it’s just as I said.

    Alan thinks that what humans do when they choose is like what E. coli does. That does not stop him from treating humans with compassion.

    I would just say that what my dog does is similar but vastly more complex than what E. coli does but what humans do is different.

    peace

  34. faded_Glory: Let’s go to that familiar ID thought experiment, the unidentified object we find on Mars.

    I just don’t think you can come to a conclusive conclusion based on a singular object all you can really do is say that it’s very improbable and make educated guesses as to it’s origin.

    faded_Glory: What we wouldn’t do is conclude that, because we don’t understand how it works and we don’t know the identity of the designer, is conclude that it must be a supernatural object.

    I think some of us would do just that.

    But it could never be more than a educated guess based on experience when looking at a singular object.

    My method does not look at single artifacts but at contiguous behavior over time or space.

    peace

  35. BruceS,

    I wonder if we are at cross-purposes. Does Dennett think it will be impossible to account for human awareness without involving “supernatural” elements? I’m tempted to email him. 📃📝💻👲

    (Just found how to add android emojis. I’ll get over it.)

  36. BruceS: Dennett definitely believes biological evolution is not physics.

    Evolution may not be physics for the materialist but it can be reduced to physics.

    If it couldn’t they would not be materialist.

    peace

  37. Alan Fox: Have you had any experience of the supernatural?

    Yes.

    I’m talking to you right now and you are supernatural.

    peace

  38. Alan Fox: Does Dennett think it will be impossible to account for human awareness without involving “supernatural” elements?

    I think it’s a presupposition for him that there are no supernatural elements.

    By the way what exactly is a supernatural element?

    Elements are natural, persons are supernatural

    peace

  39. fifthmonarchyman: I think it’s a presupposition for him that there are no supernatural elements.

    By the way what exactly is a supernatural element?

    Elements are natural, persons are supernatural

    peace

    Oh dear, Fifth, “element” as in item, part of an idea or argument.
    👺

  40. Alan Fox: I did not know that! I suspect it’s how you define the word.

    Have you not been paying any attention at all??

    This whole discussion began with the definition of supernatural

    peace

  41. Alan Fox: “element” as in item, part of an idea or argument.

    OK those things may or may not be supernatural depending on if they are reducible to physics.

    I’m not a cartesian dualist I don’t think persons are composed of two different parts one physical and another supernatural.

    I think that persons in their entirety are supernatural.

    peace

  42. fifthmonarchyman: OK those things may or may not be supernatural depending on if they are reducible to physics.

    I’m not a cartesian dualist I don’t think persons are composed of two different parts one physical and another supernatural.

    I think that persons in their entirety are supernatural.

    What does that really mean?

    ETA I mean the use of “supernatural” in the above sentence.

  43. I mean people are real, part of observable reality. If you cut us, do we not bleed? I suspect an idiosyncrasy lurking.

  44. fifthmonarchyman: Evolution may not be physics for the materialist but it can be reduced to physics.

    If it couldn’t they would not be materialist.

    peace

    You are incorrect about materialism: it only requires our explanations be compatible with physics, not that they are expressed using the language physics. That is where you misunderstand Dennett’s accounts for evolution.

    He believes it is impossible to account for human awareness and evolution using only physics.

    The videos start to explain his understanding of “account for” (which I take as referring to scientific explanation)

    He does not deny that such accounts have to be compatible with physics — no ‘supernatural’ entities for example (my views on this term above). Instead, he describes how we humans cannot account for biological evolution using physics (and neither could a Laplacian quantum demon as explained on the video).

    For Dennett’s understanding of qualia, see the Frankish paper I linked (which he praises in comments on it).

    Also see Dennett’s latest Bacteria to Bach and Back, Chapters 7 and 8, for his ideas on evolution (7) and the key role of neurons in understand brain function (8); I refer to this as neofunctionalism. Also see chapter 8 in the roles/need for living neurons as part of best current accounts for brains and then qualia. (But I still like Frankish better for explaining illusionism.)

  45. BruceS: He believes it is impossible to acount for human awareness and evolution using only physics.

    I’m not sure what “only physics” means. Do you mean impossible without including more than current and potential reality?

  46. fifthmonarchyman: Or perhaps you get an entirely new person who just happens to look and act like Kirk did.

    That’s surprising. I didn’t think you would consider that to be an option.

    How would the required non-physical ingredient become part of new-Kirk? Where would that come from?

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