Betting on the Weasel

… with Mung.   In a recent comment Mung asserted that

If Darwinists had to put up their hard earned money they would soon go broke and Darwinism would be long dead. I have a standing $10,000 challenge here at TSZ that no one has ever taken me up on.

Now, I don’t have $10,000 to bet on anything, but it is worth exploring what bet Mung was making. Perhaps a bet of a lower amount could be negotiated, so it is worth trying to figure out what the issue was.

Mung’s original challenge will be found here.  It was in a thread in which I had proposed a bet of $100 that a Weasel program would do much better than random sampling.  When people there started talking about whether enough money could be found to take Mung up on the bet, they assumed that it was a simple raising of the stake for my bet.  But Mung said here:

You want to wager over something that was never in dispute?

Why not offer a meaningful wager?

So apparently Mung was offering a bet on something else.

I think I have a little insight on what was the “meaningful wager”, or at least on what issue.  It would lead us to a rather extraordinary bet.  Let me explain below the fold …

Mung accepted that Weasel programs reach their goal far faster than random sampling.  However Mung also said (here) that

Weasel programs perform better than blind search because they are guided. I didn’t think the performance was in dispute, nor why the performance was better.

and elsewhere characterized Weasels as succeeding because of “intelligence” as opposed to ignorance.

So let’s imagine what might happen if we took Mung up on the $10,000 bet.  We would bet that the Weasel would succeed, because of cumulative selection.  Mung would bet that (because of “intelligence” or being “guided”) the Weasel would succeed.  The stake would be held by a house of some sort, which would not take a commission.

The Weasel would be run.  It would succeed.  So the house would declare that we had all won.  The stake would be given to the bettors, in proportion to their bets.  But alas, no one actually bet against the Weasel.  So the winnings would be zero.  Everyone, Mung and the rest of us, would get their stake back, and that’s all.

To bet against Mung, we have to come up with some event that distinguishes cumulative selection from “intelligence” (or being “guided”).  That seems to be the issue on which Mung was offering a $10,000 bet, and declaring (here) us all to be “pretender[s]” because we would not put up or shut up.

So there it is.  We’re all betting on the same side, and no one will win or lose a penny.  Unless Mung can come up with some test that distinguished “intelligence” or being “guided” from cumulative selection.

Now I am possibly misunderstanding what the bet actually would be.  I hope that Mung will straighten us out on that, so that we can understand what test is proposed, and place our bets.

664 thoughts on “Betting on the Weasel

  1. Allan Miller,

    If I sent you to 5th century Europe, and told you, Ok, go find a place to sleep and get some food, do you think you would do as well as the people from the fifth century?

    If not, does it mean man’s fitness has gone down?

    Furthermore, even if you freeze the bacteria from 10,000 generations ago, and put them in with other bacteria, as soon as you freeze that new population, if they still existed, there are just as fit as the other ones. What criteria are you using to say they are not fit?

    Of course with you, you just change how you define fit, for whatever suits your need.

  2. Rumraket: And we can just stop the program at some arbitrarily picked number of generations and then compare the results to how randomly guessing the string, without selection, works.

    So Dawkins’s “single step selection” is an oxymoron. Can we also agree on that?

  3. Rumraket: analogous to the degree of adaptation

    There is no measurement for degree of adaptation.

    Things either exist or they don’t.

    Is a fish more adapted or a dog?

  4. phoodoo,

    Or perhaps Rumraket believes that bacteria are the most adapted organism since there are more of them than other organisms.

  5. Rumraket: My point is merely that, in order for the program to reflect the actual evolutionary process, something has to constitute the environment, as in that thing to which the evolving entity, is adapting.

    The alternative, God forbid, is that the program does not reflect the actual evolutionary process.

    What is the problem?

    See above.

    What is the problem?

    Which one? There are many. 🙂

  6. phoodoo: Alan, please try to think.

    If you freeze a population, and then measure its fitness, it is exactly the same as the next population you freeze and measure.

    No, it isn’t. That’s the point.

    Because the only measurement you have for fitness is what exists.

    No, If you have several populations frozen, you can take them up, thaw them, and then test their reproductive success in an identical environment. If one population manages to make more offspring than another, in the same environment, then it is more fit in that environment. It is literally better adapted to that environment.

    There is no population of bacteria in Lenskis experiments that are more or less fit than any other population.

    Yes there literally is. The organisms that are living in Lenski’s flasks today literally reproduce three times faster than when the experiment began over 20 years ago.
    Lenski has bacteria frozen from back when the experiment began. When he thaws them and tests their ability to reproduce, and compare them with the ability to reproduce for the bacteria that now exist in his flasks, the ancestral population literally takes three times longer to go through a single generation.

    When the experiment began, the doubling time for E coli was about an hour. Today it is about 20 minutes. They have become better and better at reproducing in the environment over the course of 67.000 generations (over 20 years).

    They have higher fitness.

    Its pretty ironic that you are accusing others of not understanding this whacky concept you call fitness.

    No, the actual irony is found in you making this statement.

  7. phoodoo,

    If I sent you to 5th century Europe, and told you, Ok, go find a place to sleep and get some food, do you think you would do as well as the people from the fifth century?

    If not, does it mean man’s fitness has gone down?

    Not necessarily. The missing component is heritability.

    Furthermore, even if you freeze the bacteria from 10,000 generations ago, and put them in with other bacteria, as soon as you freeze that new population, if they still existed, there are just as fit as the other ones. What criteria are you using to say they are not fit?

    As you MUST know by now, mean number of offspring accruing to the two types. If you put the bugs in an environment together and one always outcompetes the other, then one is fitter. In the specific setup of Weasel, METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASET will always outcompete THE QUALITY OF MERCY IS NOT STRNEN. It produces more offspring – is copied more often – if they occur in the same population.

    Of course with you, you just change how you define fit, for whatever suits your need.

    Fuck off. I have never wavered in my definition of fitness. Prove me wrong.

  8. Mung: So Dawkins’s “single step selection” is an oxymoron. Can we also agree on that?

    I don’t know what that term means, haven’t come across it before. So I’d have to get some context to see what Dawkins meant by it before we can agree on anything regarding what Dawkins meant by “single step selection”.

  9. Careful phoodoo. People will begin to think that you and I are hugging each other and giggling.

  10. phoodoo: There is no measurement for degree of adaptation.

    Yes there is: Reproductive success in the environment in question.

    Things either exist or they don’t.

    Really? I deeply appreciate that we have you to tell us this unsettling and unexpected factoid.

    Is a fish more adapted or a dog?

    A fish is more adapted than a dog, to life in an aquatic environment? Yes!
    And doges are more adapted than fish, to life on land. Yes.

    And both fish and dogs exist, instead of not existing. And their reproductive sucesss varies depending on what environment they happen to be in. Because they are adapted to particular properties of their respective environments.

    … where is the problem?

  11. Rumraket: I don’t know what that term means, haven’t come across it before. So I’d have to get some context to see what Dawkins meant by it before we can agree on anything regarding what Dawkins meant by “single step selection”.

    Whoo boy. Have you ever read The Blind Watchmaker by Richard Dawkins?

  12. Mung: Whoo boy. Have you ever read The Blind Watchmaker by Richard Dawkins?

    I have not.

    Believe it or not, I have only ever read one book by Richard Dawkins (The Selfish Gene). I tried to read The God Delusion but grew bored pretty quickly.

  13. Rumraket: I have not.

    Henceforth, when you comment on the Weasel program, I shall take what you say about it with a grain of salt. 🙂

  14. I find it amusing. Amusing we are still discussing “Weasel” over thirty years on. No-one tries to tear Dawkins’ “Biomorphs” up. I wonder if that is because they are a better effort at modelling evolutionary processes. Evolutionary models have evolved since Weasel!

  15. Alan Fox: No-one tries to tear Dawkins’ “Biomorphs” up.

    The Biomorphs are rather obviously intelligently selected and have nothing to do with actual evolutionary processes. Do you know of anywhere on the web where I can find his Biomorphs code or recreations of it?

  16. “You have to become an advocate and use the tricks of the advocate’s trade.”

    – Richard Dawkins

  17. In essence, it amounts simply to the idea that non-random reproduction, where there is hereditary variation, has consequences that are far-reaching if there is time for them to be cumulative.

    Dawkins, Richard. The Blind Watchmaker

    Reading some of the comments in this thread you would come away with the distinct impression that selection just is cumulative and that time is irrelevant.

    It appears to me that for Dawkins cumulative selection is something that requires extended periods of time.

  18. Mung,

    Reading some of the comments in this thread you would come away with the distinct impression that selection just is cumulative and that time is irrelevant.

    I can’t locate or call to mind any such comments. Me, I would come away with the distinct impression that you ‘n’ p will try anything.

  19. Mung: The Biomorphs are rather obviously intelligently selected

    Well, of course Dawkins came up with the model. Maps and territories. There is a lot of equivocating between various models of aspects of evolution and the reality of evolution.

    …and have nothing to do with actual evolutionary processes.

    Well, that may be your view. I find playing with the biomorph program quite illustrative of the selection process.

    Do you know of anywhere on the web where I can find his Biomorphs code or recreations of it?

    Did you try my link?

  20. Alan Fox,

    I find it amusing. Amusing we are still discussing “Weasel” over thirty years on. No-one tries to tear Dawkins’ “Biomorphs” up. I wonder if that is because they are a better effort at modelling evolutionary processes. Evolutionary models have evolved since Weasel!

    The name of the op is BETTING ON THE WEASEL.

  21. Alan Fox: I find playing with the biomorph program quite illustrative of the selection process.

    Artificial selection, sure, why not?

  22. Mung: Artificial selection, sure, why not?

    If you consider nature is designed then things could be both artificial and natural.

  23. Alan Fox,

    I see that, Bill. Your point?

    What else is out there that simulates “how” natural selection might evolve a new gene.

  24. Mung: Henceforth, when you comment on the Weasel program, I shall take what you say about it with a grain of salt.

    Good that I have the book then. I’ve now read the chapter where he talks about cumulative vs single step-selection and found these nice bits:

    The essential difference between single-step selection and cumulative selection is this. In single-step selection the entities selected or sorted, pebbles or whatever they are, are sorted once and for all. In cumulative selection, on the other hand, they ‘reproduce’; or in some other way the results of one sieving process are fed into a subsequent sieving, which is fed into . . ., and so on. The entities are subjected to selection or sorting over many ‘generations’ in succession. The end-product of one generation of selection is the starting point for the next generation of selection, and so on for many generations.

    – The Blind Watchmaker p45.

    There is a big difference, then, between cumulative selection (in which each improvement, however slight, is used as a basis for future building), and single-step selection (in which each new ‘try’ is a fresh one). If evolutionary progress had had to rely on single-step selection, it would never have got anywhere. If, however, there was any way in which the necessary conditions for cumulative selection could have been set up by the blind forces of nature, strange and wonderful might have been the consequences. As a matter of fact that is exactly what happened on this planet, and we ourselves are among the most recent, if not the strangest and most wonderful, of those consequences. It is amazing that you can still read calculations like my haemoglobin calculation, used as though they constituted arguments against Darwin’s theory. The people who do this, often expert in their own field, astronomy or whatever it may be, seem sincerely to believe that Darwinism explains living organization in terms of chance – ‘single- step selection’ – alone. This belief, that Darwinian evolution is ‘random’, is not merely false. It is the exact opposite of the truth. Chance is a minor ingredient in the Darwinian recipe, but the most important ingredient is cumulative selection which is quintessentially nonrandom.

    The Blind Watchmaker p49.

    I really should get my shit together and read The Blind Watchmaker, I forgot how brilliant a writer Dawkins is. Hate him all you want but he knows how to get his point across.

  25. Mung: Single-step selection vs cumulative selection is a false dichotomy!

    Sidewalks and stairs are a false dichotomy.

  26. Mung: Single-step selection vs cumulative selection is a false dichotomy!

    Yes but that just makes it all the more perplexing why IDcreationists think single-step selection is the only alternative to Design when they try to make it appear as if evolution HAS to work as if it was by single-step selection. Dawkins is absolutely right.

  27. Mung:
    “You have to become an advocate and use the tricks of the advocate’s trade.”

    – Richard Dawkins

    Yes what a terrible quote. In order to be an advocate for something, you have to know how to do persuasion. Man what an evil person that Dawkins character is.

  28. Dawkins is equivocating over the meaning of selection. Selection is iterative, by definition. Single-step selection is not iterative, by Dawkins own admission. He’s comparing two different things and using the same term for both.

    Also, just because each generation is the basis for the next generation it doesn’t follow that the process is not random. That’s simply a non-sequitur.

  29. Mung: Reading some of the comments in this thread you would come away with the distinct impression that selection just is cumulative and that time is irrelevant.

    No you would not.

    It appears to me that for Dawkins cumulative selection is something that requires extended periods of time.

    It appears to me that for Dawkins cumulative selection is something that requires an amount of time that scale with the particulars of the problem in question, but that in all relevant and realistic cases, will massively outperform the IDcreationist strawman of evolution that portrays it as just random chance without selection.

  30. Further Dawkins equates single-step selection with chance, which is a false equivalence.

    So once again we get back to random genetic drift. Each generation is likewise the basis for the next, and each new generation builds on the random genetic changes of the previous generation. Cumulative random genetic drift.

    Is there some reason that cumulative random genetic drift cannot bring about the same amazing designs as cumulative selection?

  31. Mung:
    Dawkins is equivocating over the meaning of selection. Selection is iterative, by definition. Single-step selection is not iterative, by Dawkins own admission. He’s comparing two different things and using the same term for both.

    No, he’s not using the same term for both as both terms consist of multiple instead of a single word.

    Single-step selection.
    and
    Cumulative selection.

    Since he both defines what he means by both terms, and consistently uses the full term (‘single-step selection’ or ‘cumulative selection’) when contrasting with the other, there is never any equivocation going on.

    Also, just because each generation is the basis for the next generation it doesn’t follow that the process is not random. That’s simply a non-sequitur.

    Can I ask you how you understand the word random?

  32. Rumraket: It appears to me that for Dawkins cumulative selection is something that requires an amount of time that scale with the particulars of the problem in question…

    Yes yes. Back to evolution as a problem solver. How to evolve an eye.

    Chance + cumulative selection + time + wash-rinse-repeat = poof! an eye!

    Why can’t cumulative random genetic drift evolve an eye?

  33. Rumraket: A fish is more adapted than a dog, to life in an aquatic environment? Yes!
    And doges are more adapted than fish, to life on land. Yes.

    You realize, don’t you, that both water and air are fluids?

    So if evolutionists find similarities they can always blame it on the fact that both dogs and fish operate in a fluid environment. lol

  34. Mung:
    Further Dawkins equates single-step selection with chance, which is a false equivalence.

    It can’t be a false equivalence if he simply defines the term to be equivalent to chance. That’s generally how it is when you make up a new term.

    You may question why the hell he would make up a new term for a concept with an already well-known word for it, which I would join in, but that’s rather substantially different from saying there’s a false equivalence at work.

    So once again we get back to random genetic drift. Each generation is likewise the basis for the next, and each new generation builds on the random genetic changes of the previous generation. Cumulative random genetic drift.

    Yes, that’s how genetics work. The effects are cumulative. Which makes it all the more perplexing why creationists think evolution is like having to generate the entire human genome from scratch in a single event, as opposed to incrementally over millions of generations from millions of ancestors.

    And they really do think like that. I had an IDcreationist come to another forum and ask how the hell the whole human genome could evolve, with it’s ~3 billion base-pairs. What are the odds of generating a human genome at random?

    The solution to that fatuously stupid question is found immediately in genetics. The cause of any particular genome, is the one it was copied from, only deviating with a few mutations in it. So the explanation for the vast majority of the genome is immediately alighted upon: The one it was copied from.

    This is why the mere mechanism of the way inheritance works constitutes a complete refutation of IDcreationis probability calculations. Simply put, a person with their critical faculties intact, cannot rationally entertain IDcreationist probability calculations intellectually when they understand how genetics work.

    Is there some reason that cumulative random genetic drift cannot bring about the same amazing designs as cumulative selection?

    It seems to me if there is a total absense of selection, then that is akin to saying there is no feedback from the environment about what is a successful adaptation or not, and as such no particular thing is retained because of it’s adaptive properties, so everything changes in random directions, instead of being biased towards functionality and reproduction.

  35. Mung: Rumraket: A fish is more adapted than a dog, to life in an aquatic environment? Yes!
    And doges are more adapted than fish, to life on land. Yes.

    You realize, don’t you, that both water and air are fluids?

    So if evolutionists find similarities they can always blame it on the fact that both dogs and fish operate in a fluid environment. lol

    Just to make sure I understand what you’re trying to say: You are thoroughly perplexed that anyone would say a fish is more adapted to an aquatic environment, than a dog, and that the dog in turn is more adapted to life on dry land? Okay Mung.

  36. Rumraket: I forgot how brilliant a writer Dawkins is.

    I’ve said before, the Dawkins I find on reading his popular works (and his less popular The Extended Phenotype) on biology is far from the demonic parody of his critics.

  37. Darwinism is a theory of cumulative processes so slow that they take between thousands and millions of decades to complete. All our intuitive judgements of what is probable turn out to be wrong by many orders of magnitude. Our well-tuned apparatus of scepticism and subjective probability-theory misfires by huge margins, because it is tuned — ironically, by evolution itself — to work within a lifetime of a few decades. It requires effort of the imagination to escape from the prison of familiar timescale…

    Dawkins, Richard. The Blind Watchmaker

    It’s like he’s writing just for you Rumraket. 🙂

  38. Mung: Why can’t cumulative random genetic drift evolve an eye?

    for all I know it may have contributed, problem?

  39. A complicated thing is one whose existence we do not feel inclined to take for granted, because it is too ‘improbable’. It could not have come into existence in a single act of chance. We shall explain its coming into existence as a consequence of gradual, cumulative, step-by-step transformations from simpler things, from primordial objects sufficiently simple to have come into being by chance. Just as ‘big-step reductionism’ cannot work as an explanation of mechanism, and must be replaced by a series of small step-by-step peelings down through the hierarchy, so we can’t explain a complex thing as originating in a single step. We must again resort to a series of small steps, this time arranged sequentially in time.

    Dawkins, Richard. The Blind Watchmaker:

    LoL. No wonder people think what they do about the chance-based nature of evolution.

    And no wonder people think evolution depends on the origin of life. If you haven’t explained current living things from the ground up starting with things simple enough to have come about by a single act of random chance alone then you haven’t explained living things.

  40. Mung: LoL. No wonder people think what they do about the chance-based nature of evolution.

    And no wonder people think evolution depends on the origin of life. If you haven’t explained current living things from the ground up starting with things simple enough to have come about by a single act of random chance alone then you haven’t explained living things.

    This is exactly what Bill argues to question common descent. So if you think that’s a good argument, why do you believe in common descent? Do we need to know every detail about the tree of life, from the ground up, all nodes included plus the origin of life, or else common descent explains nothing?

    Do you perhaps believe in common descent for the wrong reasons?

  41. Mung,

    If you haven’t explained current living things from the ground up starting with things simple enough to have come about by a single act of random chance alone then you haven’t explained living things.

    And yet there appears to be no explanation on the horizon better then “the designer did it” from the ID crowd. The funny thing is we do know many explanations regarding living things. We can look far far into history and trace their evolution over time. And not a single one of the explanations generated so far involves intelligent design as defined by the ID crowd. So I suppose you can comfort yourself with the hope that this time unlike every other time previously, this time your intelligent designer (the abrahamic god) is necessary.

    I mean, roll that dice enough times and sometime your number has to come up, right?

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