The Science of the Supernatural

If Darwinism fails then supernatural causes are back on the table and should be included in science.

I do not think there can be a science of the supernatural.

I do not think that if Darwinism fails that supernatural causes will become acceptable.

If the hope of ID is that supernatural causes will be allowed back into science if they can only just get rid of Darwinism, ID is doomed.

The tools and methods of ID cannot differentiate a supernatural cause from a natural cause anyways.

Thoughts?

1,433 thoughts on “The Science of the Supernatural

  1. phoodoo: So Walto, how do you contend with the problem that there are no atoms which constitute you? YOU are just constantly changing waves of energy. How do you square that with a materialist view that matter is what things are?

    It’s a tough one. What philosophers call a heavyweight problem. And those who don’t just say “God” (as if that helped) aren’t likely to give a quick answer to it, or be too confident in anything they say. If you take a look at the SEP article on personal identity, you’ll see the basic answers that have been given and the objections to them. The British empiricists, like Locke and Hume, thought that what made some person at time 1 identical to a person at time 2 a matter of the relationship between the bundle of experiences–including the memories–constituting the person(s) at those two times. Of course, they weren’t materialists. But there are counter-examples available to that approach, of course, including those involving amnesiacs.

    The other point is that we don’t normally require things to be identical down to the atom for them to be identical at two different times, whether those things are sentient or not. (My question to FMM on that was an attempt to get to what HE thinks about this stuff.) Generally we use some kind of continuity through time standard. The sci-fi hypotheses fart around with those which is the main reason that we have a lot of trouble figuring out what to say about them.

  2. BruceS: Suppose you replaced the axehead with a flower, but still insisted it was the same axe.Are you right?Or are you delusional?

    That’s meant to suggest both a type of continuity (in designed purpose) and the reason why your opinion alone should not matter to other people, who should be asking for a reasoned explanation to supplement it.

    I think you could use “designed purpose” by God to define personal identity.Assume a conception of God so that God has a unique purpose for each person.Thenthat is why God’s view determines personal identity.Presumably God would prevent transporter duplication accidents to prevent reality contradicting God’s purposes.

    I consider that a valid answer conditional on a certain concept of God existing.

    It’s loosely related to Parfit’s idea that persons have life projects that are part of the psychological continuity in each fissioned copy.However,Parfit thinks fissioning means there is nothing that continues that is strong enough to be considered a personal identity and that, in general,personal identity does not exist, at least as the term is defined by most philosophers.

    I kind of think the “designed purpose” (i.e., designed by God) approach is question-begging. I mean, the reason somebody ELSE couldn’t fulfill that same purpose is either that God is mysterious or that it needs to be the same person and the replacement just isn’t.

  3. newton: More than publicly observed behavior, he is able to mind meld with Kirk. He is in a unique position to determine whether the two versions’ minds are the same and whether one or both lacks some Kirkness.

    Yes, that’s where I thought FMM would go here. I was surprised by his taking the position that whatever the distinction is both publicly observable but nothing that even the best science could ever detect. It’s a more interesting claim because it doesn’t just make Spock into somebody who can do what FMM thinks God can do.

  4. BruceS: Suppose you replaced the axehead with a flower, but still insisted it was the same axe. Are you right? Or are you delusional?

    This is what happens when you take a question that is entirely a matter of social convention, and attempt to argue it as a matter of truth and logic.

    What matters, I suppose, are that such arguments are how social convention are made and modified.

  5. walto: The other point is that we don’t normally require things to be identical down to the atom for them to be identical at two different times, whether those things are sentient or not.

    But that’s because for most of history we didn’t know about atoms.

    If you would have told the Greeks that tables and chairs are really just some weird phases of energy that come and go, and change all the time, they might have had even more skepticism about reality.*

    *Notwithstanding that Rumraket thinks it would be even more support for the materialist’s beliefs, ha.

  6. phoodoo: So Walto, how do you contend with the problem that there are no atoms which constitute you?YOU are just constantly changing waves of energy.How do you square that with a materialist view that matter is what things are?

    Isn’t that a problem for IDists too? I mean it’s you who insist that living forms are very much like watches and machines, with all their interdependent parts carefully assembled for a purpose and all that crap.

  7. dazz,

    You think its a problem for those who believe there is a collective consciousness to the universe?

    Yea, I don’t really think so. I’d say its more like evidence.

  8. Can someone point me to some pre-scientific writings wherein the currently observed behavior of atoms is predicted as the tell-tale sign of the supernatural?

    And once you’ve done that, can you then also point me to where it is established that the existence of the (still undefined) supernatural also entails, or even implies, the existence of an omnipotent God with an interest in human affairs?

    And the Lord said, “let momentum and position be canonically conjugate variables by having uncertainty in momentum multiplied by uncertainty in position be greater than or equal to half of Planck’s constant”. And he saw that it was good!

  9. walto: I kind of think the “designed purpose” (i.e., designed by God) approach is question-begging.

    I agree problem with this concern, as per my previous post on rejecting Job’s answer for this case.

    FWIW, I have a book about QM called “sneaking a look at God’s cards”.

  10. Neil Rickert: This is what happens when you take a question that is entirely a matter of social convention, and attempt to argue it as a matter of truth and logic.

    You might want to avoid tangling with an LGBT advocate.

  11. Rumraket:
    Can someone point me to some pre-scientific writings wherein the currently observed behavior of atoms is predicted as the tell-tale sign of the supernatural?

    Einstein called non-locality “spooky action at a distance”. Does that count?

  12. phoodoo:
    dazz,

    You think its a problem for those who believe there is a collective consciousness to the universe?

    Yea, I don’t really think so.I’d say its more like evidence.

    It just seems weird to me to claim that we’re machines made of physical parts and then get your knickers in a bunch at the idea that we’re made of atoms.

    But anyway, I hope (well, not really) that you understand now you’ve just erected a straw man for you to beat to death. Haven’t you? I’m not holding my breath here since you consistently ignore the fact that many here don’t identify themselves as materialists, which I’m pretty sure doesn’t imply they must believe in the “supernatural”

  13. phoodoo,

    Hmmm. Most of what I remember about the pre-Socratics can be summed up as follows:

    Democritus was an atomist.
    Heraclitus said you can’t step in the same river twice.

  14. BruceS: You might want to avoid tangling with an LGBT advocate.

    Or anybody with an opinion about childrens’ trans rights….

  15. BruceS: That works for inheritance law as a legal viewpoint. Not as a philosophical viewpoint.

    At least, not in philosophy of personal identity. Walto might want to comment on the human rights of each copy and whether they include inheritance rights.

    I think it’s just a legal question.

  16. BruceS: FWIW, I have a book about QM called “sneaking a look at God’s cards”.

    Cards, huh? So it turns out he doesn’t play dice after all!

  17. fifthmonarchyman: Logic and intuition are not antonyms.

    peace

    No illogical is

    A synonym for intuition is: hunch, feeling, feeling in one’s bones, gut feeling, funny feeling, inkling, sneaking suspicion, suspicion, impression

    None of which Spock would consider logical basis for knowledge.

  18. fifthmonarchyman: A phrase I like is “Personal behavior is predictable but not algorithmic”

    Funnily enough, I’ve just read a Scott A paper where he says the reverse: public behavior is algorithmic but not predicable (under certain empirically testable assumptions).

    The magic ingredient is unknowable initial conditions, where unknowable is defined in a way open to scientific investigation.

    And, yes, it involves QM.

    https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0159

  19. walto:
    phoodoo,

    Hmmm. Most of what I remember about the pre-Socratics can be summed up as follows:

    Democritus was an atomist.
    Heraclitus said you can’t step in the same river twice.

    Right, but I believe the early atomists view of tiny particles is almost the antitheisis of the modern idea of atoms. Their ideas were that everything is made of discrete tiny particles, that are clearly real, and solid and permanent one assumes.

    Interestingly though, some of the Indian Buddhists, like Dharmakirti believed that atoms flashed momentary into and then out of existence. Interesting that this idea came from the theists-huh Rummy?

    And there’s this:

    Kalapa or rupa-kalapa (from Sanskrit rūpa “form, phenomenon” and kalāpa “bundle”) is a term in Theravada Buddhist phenomenology for the smallest units of physical matter, said to be about 1/46,656th the size of a particle of dust from a wheel of chariot.

    According to the description found in the Abhidhammattha-sangaha, Kalapas are said to be invisible under normal circumstances but visible as a result of meditative samadhi. Kalapas are composed of eight inseparable elements of material essence in varying amounts which are: Pathavi (earth), Apo (water), Tejo (fire), Vayo (air), Vanna (color), Gandha (smell), Rasa (taste), and Oja (nutrition). The first four elements are called primary qualities, and are predominant in kalapas. The other four are secondary properties that derive from the primaries. Certain kalapas are said to also include additional elements, including sound, sex, body, mind-base and life.

  20. And:

    In order to understand the historical development of atomism and, especially, its relation to modern atomic theory, it is necessary to distinguish between atomism in the strict sense and other forms of atomism. Atomism in the strict sense is characterized by three points: the atoms are absolutely indivisible, qualitatively identical (i.e., distinct only in shape, size, and motion), and combinable with each other only by juxtaposition. Other forms of atomism are less strict on these points.

    Atomism is usually associated with a “realistic” and mechanistic view of the world. It is realistic in that atoms are not considered as subjective constructs of the mind employed for the sake of getting a better grip upon the phenomena to be explained; instead, atoms exist in actual reality. By the same token, the mechanistic view of things, which holds that all observable changes can be reduced to changes of configuration, is not merely a matter of employing a useful explanatory model; the mechanistic thesis holds, instead, that all observable changes are caused by motions of the atoms. Finally, as an analytic doctrine, atomism is opposed to organismic doctrines, which teach that the nature of a whole cannot be discovered by dividing it into its component parts and studying each part by itself.

    So it seems the materialists believed that you COULD understand the nature of the whole, by just looking at its component parts. That’s what materialism was.

    Do you think that is what materialists today believe?

  21. phoodoo: Right, but I believe the early atomists view of tiny particles is almost the antitheisis of the modern idea of atoms. Their ideas were that everything is made of discrete tiny particles, that are clearly real

    As opposed to the entities discovered by modern science which we also call atoms, but which aren’t real?

    What?

    Interestingly though, some of the Indian Buddhists, like Dharmakirti believed that atoms flashed momentary into and then out of existence.

    Interesting that this idea came from the theists-huh Rummy?

    Why? So did all the even more wrong ones too. There at least two camps arguing, both of them Buddistic, having their ideas of the functions of the “real” grounded in their different interpretations of Buddhist ideas. These qualities were but one of a whole ensemble many of which are now also known to be wrong and not at all descriptive of the behavior of atoms.
    It was part of a whole tradition of various theologians and theistic philosophers all developing large amounts of mostly wrong ideas over centuries. After centuries of speculation and guessing, someone somewhere finally guessed some properties right. LOL

  22. And that’s all supposed to lend credence to the existence of the “supernatural”, an idea you have yet to even define what means. That just makes it ad-hoc, question-begging nonsense. Never mind all the even more absurd entailments you pile on top, like somehow the behavior of atoms means everything has a purpose, or a cause outside the universe.

  23. phoodoo:
    And:

    So it seems the materialists believed that you COULD understand the nature of the whole, by just looking at its component parts.That’s what materialism was.

    Do you think that is what materialists today believe?

    Probably not most of them. I assume most would take the relational properties to be physical as well. Bruce and KN would know better than I do, though.

  24. BruceS: Funnily enough, I’ve just read a Scott A paper where he says the reverse:public behavior is algorithmic but not predicable (under certain empirically testable assumptions).

    The magic ingredient is unknowable initial conditions, where unknowable is defined in a way open to scientific investigation.

    And, yes, it involves QM.

    https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0159

    Did you mean to write “predictable” there?

  25. If “the supernatural” is defined as the statement that “there are things which have [the properties we observe that atoms have] then I agree the supernatural exists.

    What does that mean? Does that mean the universe has a purpose, or a cause outside of it? That Gods exist, that they care about humans, that life was designed by a conscious intelligence, that we get a 2nd chance at a better life after our “supernatural” atom-made bodies die? Nope. We’d still be at square one. Having a new label for a category in which we put atoms. Whoop-de-doo, how profound.

    That thing which we already agreed exists (atoms), exists! And we’ve decided to label them as “supernatural”. What’s next?

  26. walto: Did you mean to write “predictable” there?

    I meant “not predictable”. Essentially because it depends on conditions at creation of universe which are not knowable under certain scientifically investigable conditions. There is an important point that I did not mention, however. The predictor is not allowed to destroy the system to be predicted. (This permits QM no cloning theorem to be applied).

    Aaronson thinks that impossibility of such a predictor is a necessary condition for the compatibilitism he is willing to support. Of course, he recognizes that science alone cannot be used to justify free will, but he thinks free will “casts this empirical shadow”.

    FWIW, although the context and purpose are different, unkowable IC at origin of universe is reason for randomness in Bohmian interpretation (since the particles are deterministic).

    ETA: Aaronson also uses the idea of the predictor in his solution to Newcomb’s paradox. See comment #4 at link below for a reference to the above issue.

    https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=30

  27. phoodoo: Right, but I believe the early atomists view of tiny particles is almost the antitheisis of the modern idea of atoms. Their ideas were that everything is made of discrete tiny particles, that are clearly real, and solid and permanent one assumes.

    That’s correct. For the Greek and Roman atomists (Leucippus, Democritus, Epicurus, Lucretius, etc.) the atoms are the only things that satisfy Parmenides’s criteria for being: they are eternal and unchanging, though they are infinitely varied in size, quantity, and position. (Epicurus realized that they could not be infinitely varied in size, or else there would be atoms as large as the universe, so he put an upper and lower limits on their size.)

    The term “atom” comes from the Greek “atomas“, literally “un-cuttable”, “that which cannot be cut”. This is why the very idea that we could “split the atom” was such a massive change in Western consciousness in the 1950s.

    The modern concept of the atom, which is (I think?) basically something like a stable balance between various energies, which in turn are understood ultimately in mathematical terms as fluctuations in a quantum field. This would have delighted the Pythagoreans, who taught that the ultimate foundation of all things is numbers, and the Heracliteans, who taught that there is no Being but only Becoming.

  28. Rumraket:
    If “the supernatural” is defined as the statement that “there are things which have [the properties we observe that atoms have] then I agree the supernatural exists.

    I don’t know if this is directed at anything I wrote, but here is where I am coming from.

    For me, supernatural when applied to (purportedly) scientific explanation means not in accord with Methodological Naturalism. I also think MN emerges from current practices of domain of science under consideration, and not from philosophical fiat.

    So if practices of sciences change, so could MN, and hence so could boundary of the supernatural.

    It seems difficult to see how an OO God could ever be said to be part of MN. But maybe under Bostrom’s simulation hypothesis, the creator of the simulation could fulfill the requirements. Going by memory, I think some have speculated about possible scientific means to determine if indeed we are living in a simulation.

    I don’t think atoms are supernatural. Nor do I think that we need to rely on God to find meaning and purpose in human lives.

    My Einstein reference was mean to show that he could be read as thinking non-locality as part of a completed QM was not acceptably MN.

  29. walto: Probably not most of them. I assume most would take the relational properties to be physical as well. Bruce and KN would know better than I do, though.

    I don’t know of any contemporary philosophers who proudly wave the “materialism” banner. The person who comes closest is probably Alex Rosenberg. I think he calls his position “scientism” — I guess he’s trying to be cute by appropriating a term of abuse? Anyway, his view is that the facts about fermions and bosons determine all the other facts that there are. To be honest, I don’t know if Rosenberg has sufficient background in physics to be entitled to his claims. His background is in biology, and I worry that his picture of fermions and bosons is a world of colliding billiard-balls — which is not what the philosophy of quantum mechanics seems to give us, if Ladyman and Ross are to be believed.

  30. Kantian Naturalist: — which is not what the philosophy of quantum mechanics seems to give us, if Ladyman and Ross are to be believed.

    You are definitely right about that.
    Of course, the core issue is that we have no idea what QM tells us about reality. When it comes to fundamental physics, talk of “components” or “parts” or even “properties” is pointless without that interpretation.

    I was listening to Jenann Ismael on reductionism, and her view was that all could in principle be “implicitly” described by a completed fundamental physics. But the interviewer did not challenge her on the meaning of ‘implicitly’. Possibilities there could I suspect provide a lot of maneuvering room for a non-reductivist.

  31. Kantian Naturalist: His background is in biology, and I worry that his picture of fermions and bosons is a world of colliding billiard-balls — which is not what the philosophy of quantum mechanics seems to give us, if Ladyman and Ross are to be believed.

    Substitute smallest currently known entity.

  32. BruceS: I was listening to Jenann Ismael on reductionism, and her view was that all could in principle be “implicitly” described by a completed fundamental physics. But the interviewer did not challenge her on the meaning of ‘implicitly’. Possibilities there could I suspect provide a lot of maneuvering room for a non-reductivist.

    I’ll defer to Israel’s expertise, but based on what you said, I wonder how much is being done by the very idea of a completed fundamental physics. It might be that it’s just part of the very idea of a completed fundamental physics that everything could be described by it. That’s not the same as saying that we actually have or even could have a completed fundamental physics. For all we know, it could just be a contingent fact about the kind of representational systems that we’ve evolved that we’re not capable of unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics.

  33. newton: A synonym for intuition is: hunch, feeling, feeling in one’s bones, gut feeling, funny feeling, inkling, sneaking suspicion, suspicion, impression

    None of which Spock would consider logical basis for knowledge.

    You could be right. I don’t know Spock enough to say for sure.

    I do think that you might be underestimating the power of intuition. When I think of intuition I think of an “oracle” from computability theory.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_machine

    That sort of thing is just what you need to solve some problems and it would be highly illogical not to use it in certain circumstances.

    The real question is whether determining which candidate is the real Kirk is the sort of problem that requires an oracle.

    I think it is.

    peace

  34. walto: Ka-BLAM! {applause}

    I don’t know whether you are being serious with this one but if you are. You are showing ignorance of what the actually Trinity is.

    It most certainly does not mean that three equals one at the same time and in the same respect.

    I suspect you know that but just could not help yourself.

    peace

  35. walto: I was surprised by his taking the position that whatever the distinction is both publicly observable but nothing that even the best science could ever detect.

    Just to be clear I don’t think that “science” could ever “detect” the difference between two physically identical beings who each claim to be Kirk but I do think once a person has detected a difference his conclusion can (possibly) be verified using scientific means and methods.

    peace

  36. BruceS: I’ve just read a Scott A paper where he says the reverse: public behavior is algorithmic but not predicable (under certain empirically testable assumptions).

    The magic ingredient is unknowable initial conditions, where unknowable is defined in a way open to scientific investigation.

    In that case the part after the initial conditions is algorithmic but the entire process is not.

    I think a good deal of what persons do is algorithmic. It’s only when you take them in their entirety that the whole is not algorithmic.

    The observed behavior of persons that is not algorithmic and is also not random is what we call a personality.

    peace

  37. Kantian Naturalist: I’ll defer to Israel’s expertise,

    Just to be clear, this was a popularization (Closer to the Truth). Specifically, closer to the truth stuff. Her talks at the Rothman institute on YT, as well as her paper in Scientific Metaphysics, are more technical. But they are not on reductionism.

  38. Rumraket: If “the supernatural” is defined as the statement that “there are things which have [the properties we observe that atoms have] then I agree the supernatural exists.

    Are there properties we observe that atoms in general have that are not reducible to physics? I would say no.

    Are there properties we observe that persons have that are not reducible to physics? I would say yes.

    The real question addressed in the thought experiment is whether in the end Kirk is just a pile of atoms.

    peace

  39. fifthmonarchyman: Just to be clear I don’t think that “science” could ever “detect” the difference between two physically identical beings who each claim to be Kirk but I do think once a person has detected a difference his conclusion can (possibly) be verified using scientific means and methods.

    peace

    Thanks for that clarification.

  40. fifthmonarchyman: I don’t know whether you are being serious with this onebut if you are. You are showing ignorance of what the actually Trinity is.

    It most certainly does not mean that three equals one at the same time and in the same respect.

    I suspect you know that but just could not help yourself.

    peace

    Serious. I don’t want to get into this trinity biz again with you. I just think, like most theists as well as atheists have over the centuries, that it’s nuts

  41. walto: I just think, like most theists as well as atheists have over the centuries, that it’s nuts

    Fine,

    There is a huge difference between thinking it’s nuts and claiming that it holds that three equals one at the same time and in the same respect.

    peace

  42. walto: I don’t want to get into this trinity biz again with you.

    Then why the comment??
    Did you just feel the need to drive by scoff for some reason?

    peace

  43. fifthmonarchyman: Are there properties we observe that atoms in general have that are not reducible to physics? I would say no.

    I think this is the problem with saying anything is reducible to physics. Because whatever we find to be the properties or tendencies, that’s just what we call physics. So if things appear and disappear, that’s physics. If time bends, that’s physics. If we can communicate from one mind to the next with thoughts, well, it must be physics. If atoms from different galaxies can communicate, well physics.

    As such, what would be considered not physics? This is the problem for Rumraket, which he can’t grasp. At some point, there has to be properties that come close to our imagination of what a world with unnatural origins would look like. Things coming in and out of being, time changing, the past being the future or vice versa, solid objects being made out of dissipating mist, reality being what our minds make it…the list goes on and on.

    Any movie, made 2000 years ago, which suggested all of these possibilities, would most certainly qualify as a movie about mysticism and existence beyond the form. That might be as close to a God as one could expect to touch here on Earth.

    And if its not as close as one could expect to touch what is? And whatever they thing would be, wouldn’t many also just call it physics? What can’t be called physics?

  44. Kantian Naturalist: The term “atom” comes from the Greek “atomas“, literally “un-cuttable”, “that which cannot be cut”. This is why the very idea that we could “split the atom” was such a massive change in Western consciousness in the 1950s.

    Its kind of funny, if one thinks, The Greeks warned you! Don’t try to play God.

    I think its another one of those facts I mentioned, that can be thought of as a mystical property of the world-there is enough energy in a tiny speck way too small for any of us to see, to destroy all the villages in one’s community. That would have been pretty outrageous fiction back in the day.

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